| The Benefits of Involving Older People in the Design Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-14 | |
| Britt Östlund | |||
| The more experience we get of involving older people in innovation and
design processes, the more we recognize the benefits of having to do with life
experience as input to the development of digital products and services.
Heterogeneity raises personalization as a key component in design. This paper
argues that old people are an asset in innovation processes, which is
illustrated by projects conducted in Sweden from 1992 to 2014. The aim is to
present how older people contribute to the development and what hinders them.
The goal of these projects was to promote participation of older people during
the design process but to varying degrees depending on the question. Different
degrees of participation and involvement are discussed based on the
"participation ladder", on an idea of Arnstein from 1969 and on conclusions
from innovation research. Keywords: Life experiences; Participative design; Older innovators | |||
| Emotions Identification to Measure User Experience Using Brain Biometric Signals | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 15-25 | |
| Ivan Carrillo; Victoria Meza-Kubo; Alberto L. Morán; Gilberto Galindo; Eloisa García-Canseco | |||
| There are different techniques (e.g. direct or indirect observation,
questionnaires, etc.) with which it is possible to estimate user experience.
Biometric data obtained with different devices (e.g. EEG, EMG) have been used
as a source to infer user experience. In this work, as part of the construction
of an evaluation model of user experience, we present a preliminary study that
seeks to identify emotions using records of brain electrical activity through
the visualisation of preset images that stimulate emotions known a priori. The
results include identifying emotions of joy and displeasure through brain
activity using the Emotive device in older adults. Keywords: Electroencephalogram; Emotions; Elderly people; International affective
image system | |||
| Adopting Scenario-Based Design to Increase the Acceptance of Technology Innovations for Older People | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 26-34 | |
| Diego Compagna; Florian Kohlbacher | |||
| This paper describes the strengths and weaknesses of the Scenario-based
Design as a method to achieve a user-centered development of technology for the
elderly. Our assumptions are based on findings from a three-year research
project dedicated to the application of service robotics in a stationary
nursing home. In summary, the increasingly specific nature of the phases during
the design process afford a needs-based technical development, thus providing a
good basis for participatory technical development. Nonetheless, some weak
points were identified during the case study. They are related to the graphic
nature of the scenarios as well as following the users' notions in each and
every case. In consideration of the difficulties that arose during the use of
Scenario-based Design, we conclude with some suggestion for future applications
of this method. Keywords: Scenario-based design; Participatory technology development; Assistive
technology for elderly target groups | |||
| Constructing Third Age eHealth Consumers by Using Personas from a Cultural Age Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 35-43 | |
| Maria Ekström; Eugène Loos | |||
| Society ages and our already extensive use of a host of different portable
devices continues to expand. No leap of the imagination is needed to grasp that
an exponential growth of the eHealth market is at hand. While the ageing of the
baby boomers will have an impact on the global economy as a whole, of
particular interest is the impact this will have within the context of eHealth
market development. We wish to clarify and raise the level of awareness about
how older age identity is constructed in the marketer-consumer dialectic within
the eHealth context and how the personas method can be used from a cultural age
perspective. Our focus is on the process of third agers becoming eHealth
consumers. We present an analytical framework for future studies aiming to
analyze eHealth offerings. This will allow us to gain insight into the process
of constructing the third age eHealth consumer group's identity through
multimodal communicative acts, as is the case in advertising, or in settings
requiring interactivity, such as the service design process. It is through
these multimodal acts that new eHealth offerings could be marketed to the third
age eHealth consumer, focusing especially on both the written and visual
language used. Our approach is meant to offer an alternative to studies in
which ageing has mostly drawn upon the chronological age concept and where
marketing has not been seen as a discursive practice shaping consumers'
identities. Keywords: eHealth; Services; Third age eHealth consumers; Personas; Cultural age | |||
| Capturing Older People's Cognitive Capability Data for Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 44-52 | |
| Shan Huang; Hua Dong | |||
| There is a lack of cognitive capability data in design. Existing capability
databases lack consideration of older people who are suffering decline of
cognitive capabilities. To explore older people's cognitive capability data for
the design context, two pilot studies were conducted: a small-scale cognitive
capability survey in China, and a study of a group of industrial designers'
needs regarding user data. A Framework of user data were developed and key
issues for cognitive capability data collection and application in design were
identified and discussed. Keywords: Cognitive capability; User data; Design for older people; Human factors and
ergonomics | |||
| Designing Tangible Interactions for Aged Users Though Interactive Technology Prototyping | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 53-60 | |
| Wei Liu; Yanrui Qu | |||
| This research aims to explore how to bring the richness of tangible
interaction designs into the everyday living and working contexts of the aged
users. To do so, we introduced an interactive technology design at two Chinese
Universities, for the first time interactive prototyping skills become
important for their undergraduate and graduate students to learn and practice.
In an interactive prototyping course, a number of prototypes designed for aged
users were built and experienced. From these prototypes, experiences for
regularly running interaction design education based on traditional industrial
design education were discussed. Keywords: Interaction design; Interaction qualities; User experience; Interactive
design technology; Context of use; Aged users | |||
| Developing a Framework for Effective Communication with Older People | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 61-72 | |
| Ying Jiang; Hua Dong; Shu Yuan | |||
| Communicating with older people is more challenging because of age-related
cognitive and sensory impairments. How to develop an approach to enable
inexperienced and young designers to effectively communicate with older people?
A new and pragmatic framework is developed which aims to identify key factors
of communication techniques that designers need to learn. This framework can
help designers to decide which techniques are most relevant for specific
conversation situations. It can also be used to systematically collect
communication knowledge and skills as a designer's personal communication
guidance. Keywords: Effective communication; Older people; Cognitive impairments; Sensory
impairments | |||
| Music in the Retiring Life: A Review of Evaluation Methods and Potential Factors | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 73-83 | |
| Mao Mao; Alan F. Blackwell; David A. Good | |||
| People retiring now differ greatly in knowledge, motivation, attitudes
towards and use of digital music-related technologies to younger generations or
their predecessors. This paper reviews the methods that have been used to
investigate why people use music-related technologies, how they use them and
why. Using a lens provided by social cognitive theory it identifies future
themes for research into music and ageing. Hopefully, these analyses will
inform the design of future music related technologies for people at the
transition to retirement, and the elderly. Keywords: Retirement; Transition; Music; Social cognitive theory | |||
| Collecting Old People's Data for More Accessible Design: A Pilot Study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 84-93 | |
| Weining Ning; Hua Dong | |||
| Good design should be equipped with the quality of being accessible to broad
user groups, including older people. As the population becomes older, the needs
and capabilities of people become ever more diverse. However, there exists
limited effective data for designers to understand older people's capability
condition. The lack of good data becomes a great barrier to make design
accessible to older people. This paper introduces a pilot study of collecting
older people's multiple capability data in China. It aims to explore principles
and instructions to design the process, methods and testing tasks of such a
study. The results show that in the pilot study, (1) there are discrepancies
between users' self-assessment and performance measurement, (2) the selection
of products should take into account the cultural context, and (3) ceiling
effects exist and they greatly affect the validity and reliability of the data. Keywords: Accessibility; Inclusive design; Multiple capability; Data collection | |||
| Time Reduction Design Method for Cognitive Assist Technology | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 94-103 | |
| Junji Ohyama; Nana Itoh; Kenji Kurakata; Ken Sagawa | |||
| Given the importance and abundance of current visual information, visual
display designs should consider their accessibility to elderly people. However,
adapting designs not only to young users but also to older users is difficult
because the difference in perception and cognition between these age groups
remains unclear. In order to solve this accessible design issue, we introduce
three studies: a study on the effect of aging on visibility, the construction
of a database containing the sensory characteristics of older persons and
persons with disabilities, and experimental and conceptual studies of our
proposed design method, the time reduction design. The time reduction design
method can solve the cognitive problems of aging societies by improving both
spatial visibility and recognition speed. Keywords: Vision; Time design; Cognitive technology; Experimental psychology | |||
| A Robot of My Own: Participatory Design of Socially Assistive Robots for Independently Living Older Adults Diagnosed with Depression | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 104-114 | |
| Selma Šabanovic; Wan-Ling Chang; Casey C. Bennett; Jennifer A. Piatt; David Hakken | |||
| This paper presents an ongoing project using participatory design methods to
develop design concepts for socially assistive robots (SARs) with older adults
diagnosed with depression and co-occurring physical illness. We frame SARs
development in the context of preventive patient-centered healthcare, which
empowers patients as the primary drivers of health and aims to delay the onset
of disease rather than focusing on treatment. After describing how SARs can be
of benefit in this form of healthcare, we detail our participatory design study
with older adults and therapists aimed at developing preventive SARs
applications for this population. We found therapists and older adults to be
willing and able to participate in assistive robot design, though hands-on
participation was a challenge. Our findings suggest that important areas of
concern for older adults with depression are social interaction and
companionship, as well as technologies that are easy to use and require minimal
intervention. Keywords: Assistive robotics; Social robots; Participatory design; Elderly;
Depression; Patient-centered healthcare | |||
| Universal Design as an Approach to Technology Intervention for Seniors | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 115-122 | |
| Jon A. Sanford | |||
| Typical design approaches for technology interventions for seniors tends to
focus on specialized design to accommodate functional limitations associated
with either disability or aging. This paper will propose universal design as an
alternative approach that focuses on design for all users, regardless of age or
ability. Moreover, while specialized design is based on prescriptive
requirements that often dictate what to design, universal design is an approach
to technology intervention that is guided by a set of performance principles
and guidelines that provide a rationale for how to design technologies. As
such, universal design as extends the usability of everyday design to seniors,
without the need for special adaptations or devices. Keywords: Universal design; Design for aging; Specialized design; Technology for
seniors | |||
| A Living Lab Method for Innovations to Increase Quality of Life for Elderly -- A Pilot Case | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 123-133 | |
| Isabella Scandurra; Madeleine Blusi; Rolf Dalin | |||
| A Swedish Living Lab has recently been established offering care
organizations a test and evaluation method as an activity in their intrinsic
development process. Using the method, innovations for an aging population are
assessed, guided by quality criteria as well-being, dignity, value for the
elderly and usability.
This paper describes the method through a pilot test, carried out in November 2014 by the elderly themselves and health and social care staff at a nursing home together with different academic parts in a multidisciplinary test process. The method allows for interaction between innovators and stakeholders as well as potential end-users in the elderly care sector. Simultaneously, the users' quality aspects are kept in focus when innovations for the aging society are tested. Keywords: Aging society; Elderly care; Innovation; Living lab; Usability; User
participation; Health/welfare development; Test; Evaluation; User-centricity | |||
| Talking Faces in Lab and Field Trials | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 134-144 | |
| Miroslav Sili; Jan Bobeth; Emanuel Sandner; Sten Hanke; Stephanie Schwarz; Christopher Mayer | |||
| In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in Ambient Assisted
Living technology to support older adults. Research and industry are working
jointly on reliable and suitable solutions to help older adults to remain
healthy and safe while living independently. Appropriate interaction methods
play an important role for the acceptance of such supporting systems. Today,
solutions mainly rely on common and well-evaluated interaction techniques such
as TV remotes or touch screens to enhance the usability. Projects presented in
this work are based on the same interaction techniques, but additionally enrich
the interaction experience with a real-time, empathic virtual assistance
avatar. In this paper, we present evaluation settings and user involvement
results acquired from three different Ambient Assisted Living projects focusing
on avatar-based user interaction. Our results show that avatar-based
interaction in the Ambient Assisted Living context is very well applicable,
especially when combined with speech recognition. Keywords: Avatar; User interaction; Ambient assisted living; Multimodality | |||
| Gamification and Accessibility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 145-154 | |
| Andreas Stiegler; Gottfried Zimmermann | |||
| There are many software requirements for the development of accessible
applications, in particular for elderly people or people with disabilities. In
particular, user interfaces have to be sufficiently abstract to cover required
adaptations. In this paper, we introduce a gamification approach for teaching,
connecting and engaging developers on accessible design of applications. A
particular challenge hereby is combining gamification patters with the
requirements of accessibility. As many gamification patters build on visual
representation or usage metaphors, they are not suited for adaptation. Instead,
we derive a representation-agnostic set of gamification patters from actual
game design of commercial games. We identify and illustrate five categories of
representation-agnostic gamification patterns, based on a games survey: action
space, reward, challenge, progress, and discovery. Keywords: Human computer interaction; Gamification; Accessibility; Elderly; Game
development; Serious games; Game design; Game mechanics; Game theory | |||
| Evaluating All-Inclusive ICT with Developers, End Users and Stakeholders | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 157-165 | |
| Eleni Chalkia; Evangelos Bekiaris; R. Ignacio Madrid | |||
| ICT have been moving rapidly into people's lives nowadays. Even if living
without access to ICT would be a barrier in the past, today access to ICT is
required for most education, employment, and commerce, and is increasingly
required for travel, health, safety, daily living and participation in most of
our society. In this paper we present the evaluation of an all-inclusive ICT
infrastructure from the perspective of different type of users that use it for
different purposes based on their abilities, needs and preferences. Keywords: Evaluation; All inclusive ICT; Accessibility; People with disabilities;
Developers; Stakeholders | |||
| Access and Use of ICTs Among the Italian Young Elderly: A Field Study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 166-176 | |
| Fausto Colombo; Simone Carlo | |||
| Our research aims to investigate the relationship between the young elderly
(65-74 years old) and use of technologies [1], and to explore active ageing and
the role played by media and ICTs in building a friendly and positively
domestic environment for the elderly in their everyday life [2]. Hence the use
of ICTs by the elderly takes into account two different perspectives: (1)
Generational approach: the young elderly are here considered by looking at the
role played by their generational identity in shaping their media use [3]. (2)
Domestication and Leisure: Media consumption is spatially and temporally
located and media uses and routines are shared within the household and are
enabled by processes of domestication [4]. The project is based on an
theoretical study about ageing, a preliminary survey with a representative
sample of the Italian "young elderlies" regarding ICTs equipment and usage (N =
900), (3) 20 family in-depth interviews in Milan area. Keywords: Elderly; ICTs; Active ageing; Domestication; Generations | |||
| Patterns of ICT Use among "Senior Technology Experts": The Role of Demographic Variables, Subjective Beliefs and Attitudes | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 177-188 | |
| Michael Doh; Laura I. Schmidt; Florian Herbolsheimer; Mario Jokisch; Hans-Werner Wahl | |||
| Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a substantial role for
enhancing participation and autonomy in old age. In Germany, as in most modern
industrialized societies, huge diffusion gaps between younger and older age
groups exist regarding the use of the internet and ICT devices. Very few
studies address the differential role of older "frontrunners" in terms of
modern ICT. In this project, we address patterns of ICT use and competence
beliefs among "senior technology experts" (N = 108; aged 51-81, M = 68.37), who
took part in a German initiative to help older novice users with ICT, and
explore the associations with psychological constructs such as self-efficacy
and obsolescence. Findings suggest a strong relationship of two self-efficacy
measures and perceived obsolescence with usage patterns and competence ratings.
Insights on usage patterns, perceived competence and associations with
psychological constructs are discussed, as they may help improve the
understanding of early technology adopters among older adults with implications
for research and practice. Keywords: Technology Use; Diffusion; Self-efficacy; Obsolescence; Aging | |||
| Why Age Is Not that Important? An Ageing Perspective on Computer Anxiety | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 189-200 | |
| Mireia Fernández-Ardèvol; Loredana Ivan | |||
| We analyze the influence of age on mobile computer anxiety in a sample of
158 individuals 55+ by means of path analysis modeling. Taking as the
endogenous variable a mobile computer anxiety scale (MCAS, Wang 2007), models
include demographic and socioeconomic variables and a computer experience scale
-- based on the familiarity and frequency of use of different information and
communication technologies. Results confirm a positive influence of age on
mobile computer anxiety which is mediated by both socio-economic variables and
computer experience. The influence of age on mobile computer anxiety is
comparatively low. Age is not the relevant dimension to explain computer
anxiety, as socio-economic background and computer experience have higher
explanatory capacity. This result may explain the inconsistent results
regarding the direct relationship between age and computer anxiety available in
the literature. Keywords: Older people; Computer anxiety; Romania; Survey; Path analysis; MCMC
Bayesian estimation | |||
| Values and Ethics in Making Emerging Technologies Work for Older People | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 201-209 | |
| Caroline Holland | |||
| Since the early 20th century, population ageing and technological
developments have developed apace. Many social changes took place, including
the development of digital technologies and the ageing of populations
worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of these
two phenomena and to think about how certain values and may be drawn upon to
help make technologies work better for older people as both technology markets
and worldwide demographic profiles continue to evolve. Keywords: Ageing Technology Values Ethics | |||
| Accessing InterACTion: Ageing with Technologies and the Place of Access | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 210-220 | |
| Constance Lafontaine; Kim Sawchuk | |||
| In this paper, we reflect upon our participation in a pilot digital literacy
project titled InterACTion currently being deployed in low-income housing for
seniors the city of Montreal. To assess the complexities of access with respect
to ageing in this real world setting, we draw upon Clement and Shade's 'Access
Rainbow Model.' We use the InterACTion project as a case study and formulate
seven lessons that we have gleaned in the carrying out of the project, each of
them working to display intricacies of access within a context of precarious
ageing and situated engagements with technologies. Our interest in drawing from
the model lies in our understanding of access a multi-layered concept that
relies both on the establishment of technical requirements and on a host of
entangled conditions that are crucial in determining an individual's ability to
use digital technologies. Keywords: Access rainbow; Access; Digital literacy; Place; Ageing | |||
| Review of Empirical Research in Recent Decade About the Use of IT for Older Adults | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 221-229 | |
| Yi-Chang Li | |||
| This study reviews the research articles about the use of IT for older
adults' from 2009-2015. As result, fourteen articles published in peer reviewed
journals are reviewed. Keywords: Older adults; IT usage; Review | |||
| Exploring the Impacts of Age and Usage Experience of e-Service on User Perceived Web Quality | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 230-238 | |
| Chien Hsiang Liao | |||
| Prior studies have shown that while older adults use web or e-service, they
tend to rely on user accessibility guidelines or friendly web appearance. For
instance, older people have difficulty reading text presentations more than
younger readers. Inappropriate design decisions might create barriers for older
people. However, this causality might not be entirely resulting from age. This
study found that the usage experience of e-service is also strongly associated
with the requirements of web quality for users as well. The empirical study was
conducted on a sample of 318 users of using web services. The results reveal
that the requirements of web quality (including web appearance, context
quality, and technical adequacy) between older and younger adults are not
significantly different. Instead, users with low usage experience require
greater web quality than experienced users. Keywords: Web quality; Age; Usage experience; Satisfaction; Trust | |||
| Acceptance of ICTs by Older Adults: A Review of Recent Studies | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 239-249 | |
| Qi Ma; Ke Chen; Alan Hoi Shou Chan; Pei-Lee Teh | |||
| Objectives: Issues surrounding aging and information communication
technologies (ICTs) are of critical importance. This study aims to identify the
determinants of the acceptance of ICTs innovations by older adults, and discuss
the research gap in the gerontechnology literature.
Methods: Research articles were selected from four multi-disciplinary databases (SCOPUS, ProQuest, EBSCOHOST, Science Direct) from 2004 to 2015. Articles were filtered by "Older than 55", "healthy", "acceptance", "ICTs", etc. Finally, a total of 29 papers including qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method research are used in this study. Results: The majority of these studies indicated that older adults have a positive attitude towards using ICTs. The findings summarized ICTs-related technologies in five basic domains: Intelligent monitoring, Health care delivery, Online services, Social communication, and Internet & Computer. The review gathered and classified important acceptance factors into six themes: Perceived Benefits of Use, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavior Control, Perceived Usability, Affections, and Socio-demographic Mediators. Keywords: Review; Older adults; Information communication technologies (ICTs);
Technology acceptance | |||
| An Appraisal-Based Approach to the Stigma of Walker-Use | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 250-261 | |
| Andrew McNeill; Lynne Coventry | |||
| Walker-use among older adults is often avoided because of the stigma of
using one. Drawing on the appraisal theory of stress, we argue that stigma
associated with walker-use is subject to various cognitive appraisals that
affect whether the user sees the walker as stigmatizing and the extent to which
they can cope with that stigma. We followed a participatory design approach to
involve older adults in the design of an intelligent walker. One of the
activities was to conduct focus groups to explore the role of the aesthetic
design of the product in acceptance and use of such walkers. Qualitative
analysis of these focus groups provides data explaining the ways in which
potential users assess stigma and coping resources. We emphasise that while
better design of walkers is important, tackling the self-stigma of users and
increasing their ability to cope with using one is equally important. Keywords: Psychology and cognition; User acceptance; Design | |||
| Perceptions of Computer System Usefulness: Insights for Design from Experienced Older Users | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 262-272 | |
| Tracy L. Mitzner; Neil Charness; Wendy A. Rogers | |||
| Computer systems have the potential to assist older adults by supporting
independence, enhancing social communication, and enabling healthcare
activities. Yet older adults' adoption rates continue to lag behind younger and
middle-aged adults. We report data from 249 older adult computer users (65-93
years of age) that identify the details of their perceptions of computer
usefulness for a range of everyday activities. Participants rated the
importance of activities to their quality of life and the usefulness of current
computer systems for supporting those activities. These experienced computer
users indicated that computers were meeting their needs for some activities
(e.g., social communication, games) but not for other activities (e.g.,
calendaring, healthcare, recreation and learning). Our data provide guidance
for (a) introducing the potential of computer systems to current non-users and
(b) designing systems targeted to meet the needs of older adults and enhancing
computing functionality for them. Keywords: Technology; Older adults; Adoption; Perceived usefulness; Perceived ease of
use | |||
| Useful or Easy-to-Use? Knowing What Older People Like about Near Field Communication Technology | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 273-281 | |
| Pei-Lee Teh; Pervaiz K. Ahmed; Alan H. S. Chan; Soon-Nyean Cheong; Wen-Jiun Yap | |||
| The goals of this study are two-fold: (1) To develop a novel concept of a
light system with the use of Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled technology,
Bluetooth and Raspberry-PI. This new system is known as NFC Light System (NLS).
(2) To set up an experimental design to examine the influence of perceived
usefulness and perceived ease of use on older adults' behavioral intention to
use the NLS. Our proposed system was empirically tested with 33 older adults in
Malaysia. Our findings show that perceived ease of use appears to be the
primary factor for the older adults to use the NLS. Interestingly, perceived
usefulness was not a significant predictor of older adults' behavioral
intention to use the NLS. From the practical viewpoint, this study offers a new
insight for gerontechnology manufacturer and developers to focus their design
efforts on easy-to-use attribute that are desired by older adults. Keywords: Technology acceptance model; Experimental design; Gerontechnology; Near
field communication; Malaysia | |||
| Pitfalls when Placing Electricity Pylons -- The Influence of Age on Acceptance | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 282-293 | |
| Barbara S. Zaunbrecher; Katrin Arning; Baris Özalay; Hendrik Natemeyer; Martina Ziefle | |||
| The increasing penetration of renewable energies influences and changes the
transmission task of electricity in Germany. However, the planning and
construction of new lines is met with resistance from the public. To address
public concerns adequately, a tailored information and communication concept is
needed, for which knowledge about acceptance-relevant factors for different
user groups is indispensable. In this paper we explore acceptance-relevant
attributes in the context of electricity pylons contrasting attitudes of older
and younger persons. Results of a conjoint study indicate that both age groups
basically have comparable acceptance levels, but younger persons were found to
be more sensitive with regard to distance of the pylon and possible health
effects. Additionally, acceptance patterns similar to those for cell tower
location were found, which implies that the analyzed attributes are not only
stable across demographic groups but also across technologies. Keywords: Energy infrastructure; Technology acceptance; Electricity pylons; User
diversity; Renewable energies; Conjoint analysis | |||
| Usability Evaluation of a Social Networking Site Prototype for the Elderly | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 297-306 | |
| Jessica Arfaa; Yuanqiong (Kathy) Wang | |||
| Social networking sites offer a number of benefits; however a large amount
of elder adults still do not engage in these types of sites due to usability
issues and a lack of understanding of Web 2.0 concepts. To alleviate these
issues, a social networking site interface was redesigned to accommodate elders
so that they can reap the benefits of social media. Following a three phased
usability study, 22 elder adults utilized a redesigned website incorporating
web standards and additional usability and accessibility considerations. With
the use of the redesigned prototype, does it improve accessibility and
usability for elder adults? What tasks improved in terms of success rates and
task performance? How do the elders perceive the newly redesigned prototype?
The preliminary findings of this study show that usability and accessibility
for elder adults improved when utilizing the redesigned social networking site.
In addition, elder adults had a more positive perception of these types of
sites after using the redesigned prototype. Keywords: Social media; Social networking; Elder adults; Usability study | |||
| ICT Access in Libraries for Elders | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 307-316 | |
| Amrish Chourasia; Jim Tobias; Steve Githens; Yao Ding; Gregg Vanderheiden | |||
| The ability to use information and communication technologies (ICT) is
becoming a necessity. Older users are one of the fastest growing segment of ICT
users but many still face barriers in ICT use. Libraries are one of the first
places that individuals turn to when looking for information or assistance with
ICT. Libraries also serve as an important resource for individuals to access
the Internet. However, libraries face several problems in providing services to
elders. Lack of funding and trained staff, insufficient knowledge about
accessibility prevents them from successfully serving their patrons. We present
the Library-GPII-System, a cloud based auto-personalization system that will
enable libraries to successfully serve their older patrons. Results from our
library stakeholder needs analyses are also presented. Keywords: Libraries; Auto-personalization; Cloud infrastructure; Assistive technology;
Access features | |||
| Examining the Validity of the Banner Recommendation System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 317-324 | |
| Rong-Fuh Day; Chien-Ying Chou | |||
| The phenomenon of banner blindness has concerned researchers, advertisers
and website publishers during these years. In order to alleviate the
phenomenon, this study attempted to develop a banner recommendation system
which could arrange banners according the relative salience of keywords on a
webpage viewed by a user. The prototypical system are being developed, however,
we have made an initial examination on the effectiveness of its banner
recommendation functionality. It was found that two recommendation accuracies
for the system calculated with two different criteria both were significantly
higher than the probability by chance. Keywords: Banner blindness; Recommendation system; Eye tracking approach | |||
| Conducting Acceptance Tests for Elderly People on the Web | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 325-336 | |
| Alexander Henka; Andreas Stiegler; Gottfried Zimmermann; Thomas Ertl | |||
| Due to the overlapping requirements with people with disabilities, elders
can benefit from accessible web design and the use of assistive technologies.
But elderlies face also semantic problems that are derived from different
perception models or the mere anxiety of using new technologies, which can't be
evaluated by accessibility guideline conformance only. Tackling those semantic
issues calls for more user-centered evaluation. The Global Public Inclusive
Infrastructure (GPII) provides user interface adaptation based on peoples
individual needs and preferences. These preferences are stored in so-called
preference sets and can also contain sematic settings. In this paper, we
propose an accessibility evaluation method, using the preference sets of the
GPII to derive authentic accessibility requirements. Hereby, we're able to
carry out tests according to guideline conformance and semantic requirements.
In this context, we propose a personalized accessibility evaluation approach
based on original user preferences that addresses the need for a user-centered
evaluation. Keywords: Human computer interaction; Accessibility; Elderlies; Acceptance tests; Web
accessibility guidelines; GPII; User-preference set; User-centered
accessibility evaluation; Technical accessibility; Semantical accessibility | |||
| Older Adults' Usage of Web Pages: Investigating Effects of Information Structure on Performance | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 337-346 | |
| Jincheng Huang; Jia Zhou; Huilin Wang | |||
| This study focuses on older adults' usage of web pages. An experiment
consisted of three information structures (the net structure, the tree
structure, and the linear structure) was conducted to investigate effects of
information structure (IS) on older adult's performance. Three findings were
found. First, the number of clicks was the fewest in the net-structure web page
among three web pages. Older participants spent less time to complete the tasks
in the linear-structure web page than the other two web pages. The number of
clicks and the accuracy of participants answered the questions in the
tree-structure web page were the highest among three web pages. Second, older
participants' performance of card sorting was positively correlated with the
task completion time. And there was a positive correlation between spatial
ability and the performance of older participants. Third, older participants
showed the highest preference of the linear structure among three information
structures. They always lost task targets in the tree-structure web page,
especially when they needed to transfer from one branch of the tree structure
to another branch. This indicated that a simple IS was better used and
understood by older participants than a complicated one. Keywords: Information structure; Older adults; Web pages; Navigation | |||
| Perceived Barriers for Older Adults' Shopping Channel Selection Toward Online Shopping | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 347-353 | |
| Jiunn-Woei Lian | |||
| The aim of this study is to understand perceived barriers for older adults
to select novel shopping channel. Questionnaire survey was employed. Innovation
resistance theory is served as the theoretical base for this study. Five
innovativeness acceptance barriers (usage barrier, value barrier, risk barrier,
traditional barrier, and image barrier) and three business models (online
shopping oriented vs. TV shopping oriented vs. hybrid) were investigated. 108
valid respondents who are older than 50 years old and have online shopping
experience participated in this study. The major results including: (1) The
order of the barriers for older adults to adopt novel shopping business models
is risk barrier, traditional barrier, image barrier, usage barrier, and value
barrier. (2) There exist significant (p<0.01) different in traditional
barrier and image barrier among different business models. (3) Value barrier,
risk barrier, and traditional barrier have significant (p<0.05) impact on
novel shopping business models acceptance. Keywords: Older adults; Shopping channel; Perceived barriers; Business model | |||
| Processing Speed and Vocabulary are Related to Older Adults' Internet Experiences | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 354-364 | |
| Jennifer Romano Bergstrom; Erica Olmsted-Hawala; Wendy A. Rogers | |||
| Some cognitive declines commonly occur with aging; yet they are seldom taken
into account by Website designers and User Experience (UX) researchers. In this
empirical study, we compared younger adults, middle-age adults,
high-functioning older adults, and low-functioning older adults to examine
whether there is a relationship between aspects of cognition and performance
when using a Website. Performance was measured by accuracy (percent of tasks
completed successfully), efficiency (mean time to complete tasks) and
self-rated satisfaction, three commonly used usability metrics. Results suggest
that processing speed and vocabulary may be related to Internet performance.
Specifically, older adults with faster processing speed and/or high vocabulary
may perform better than their lower-functioning counterparts. More importantly,
these older adults perform similar to younger adults. Keywords: Usability; Cognition; Aging; Computers; Internet; Technology | |||
| Validation of the Computer Literacy Scale (CLS) | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 365-375 | |
| Michael Sengpiel; Nicole Jochems | |||
| Successful use of ICT requires domain knowledge and interaction knowledge.
It shapes and is shaped by the use of ICT and is less common among older
adults. This paper focus on the validation of the computer literacy scale (CLS)
introduced by [14]. The CLS is an objective knowledge test of ICT-related
symbols and terms commonly used in the graphical user interface of interactive
computer technology. It has been designed specifically for older adults with
little computer knowledge and is based on the idea that knowing common symbols
and terms is as necessary for using computers, as it is for reading and writing
letters and books. In this paper the Computer literacy scale is described and
compared with related measures for example computer expertise (CE), Computer
Proficiency (CPQ) and computer anxiety (CATS). In addition criterion validity
is described with predictions of successful ICT use exemplified with (1) the
use of different data entry methods and (2) the use of different ticket vending
machine (TVM) designs. Keywords: Computer literacy; Computer experience; Computer proficiency; Measurement;
Questionnaire; Validation | |||
| Age(ism) in Digital Information Provision: The Case of Online Public Services for Older Adults | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 376-386 | |
| Maria Sourbati | |||
| This paper draws on an empirical investigation of how older people are
represented on the websites providing social care service information in the
inner London Boroughs. My research questions follow the work of Loos [1, 2] on
the relationship between representations of older age, information
accessibility and access to digital services. Mirroring Loos and reflecting the
specificities of the fieldwork my investigation found older people were largely
invisible as a diverse group of citizens in the emerging cultures of digital
public service. The images of older adults were few and lacked diversity. Inner
London has an ethnically and culturally diverse population yet older adults
were commonly represented though images of frail white women. The paper
highlights representational politics of older age in digital public service
information provision and their consequences for access and social inclusion;
intra-generational diversity; ageism as a prevalent form of social
discrimination. Keywords: Age; Ageism; Access; Inclusion; Digital public service; Intragenerational
diversity | |||
| A Framework for Evaluating the Implementers' Experience in Making Existing Products Accessible: The Prosperity4all Approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 387-397 | |
| Katerina Touliou; Maria Gemou; Till Riedel; Maria Panou; Evangelos Bekiaris | |||
| Prosperity4All is a continuous and dynamic paradigm shift towards an
e-inclusion framework building on the architectural and technical foundations
of other Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII) projects aiming to
create a self-sustainable and growing ecosystem where developers, implementers,
consumers, prosumers and other directly and indirectly actors (e.g. teachers,
carers, clinicians) may play a role in its viability and diversity. An agile
and dynamic approach is adopted in three evaluation phases, starting with
formative evaluations with five internal implementers leading to more summative
techniques towards the final evaluation phase where more (n = 25) and external
professionals will use the tools and resources available in the project's
repository (DeveloperSpace) to improve and enhance their own products and
services. The evaluation approach for the implementers considers three
dimensions: (a) the project's Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), (b) technical
validation activities prior evaluation, and (c) three evaluation phases
followed by a final impact assessment. Keywords: Inclusive design; Implementers; Evaluation; Accessibility; Ecosystem | |||
| The Study of Using Facebook in Taiwan's Elderly Populationa Case Study in Learners of the Senior Citizens Academy in a City of Taiwan | | BIBA | Full-Text | 398-404 | |
| Ming-Wei Wang; Yu-Chin Lin | |||
| Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook site in 2004, and open to e-mail
applications use in 2006. The global active users of the Facebook site
surpassed one billion people on September 14th, 2012. It spent 13 years that
the users of the Google site founded in 1998 surpassed one billion people in
2011. It spent 8 years that the Facebook site to do so. The official statistics
of the Facebook site represented that there are about 15 million users visited
the Facebook site monthly and there are about 12 million people visited the
site by using the mobile Internet devices in the fourth quarter of 2013 in
Taiwan. In the same time, there are about 11 million users visited the Facebook
site daily and there are about 8.5 million people visited the site by using the
mobile Internet devices in Taiwan. Taiwan is a mature market for the Facebook
site, the website penetration is the highest in the world.
Taiwan in where the Facebook site utility rate is so high faces the rapidly aging population issue. According to the statistics from Ministry of the Interior, Republic of China, the ratio of the population over 65 years old has exceeded 7% in 1993. It means that Taiwan is the aging society. The ratio of the population over 65 years old is 11.90% in October, 2014. With the statistics from Council for Economic Planning and Development in the Republic of China Executive Yuan, the ratio of Taiwan elderly population will exceed 14% in 2018, and Taiwan will be the aged society. The ratio of Taiwan elderly population will increase quickly from 2014 to 2025 because of the effect of the postwar baby boom. This investigation using action research discusses the elderly people studying IT lessons in the Senior Citizens Academy of a city in Taiwan. How do they use the Facebook site? We found that the elderly people is not the main usage group of the Facebook site, but using the Facebook site impacts positively for their learning, social networking, and the interactions among their family members. There are two difficulties for elderly people to use the Facebook site, one reason is they are not used to share their thinking to others, and the other reason is the computer operation is difficult for them. We also found that some of the elderly people begin to use the mobile Internet devices what are new things for them, and they use the internet, the Facebook site, Line by making use of the mobile Internet devices. | |||
| An Older Person and New Media in Public Discourses: Impossible Encounters? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 405-413 | |
| Monika Wilinska | |||
| The aim of this paper is to consider the use and role of new media in the
lives of older people. To this end, I focus on the social images of encounters
between older people and new media. My focus is two-fold; on the one hand, I
aim at opening the academic discussion on new media and older people to
societal and structural considerations; on the other, I make an argument about
the use of discourse, critical discourse analysis in particular, approaches to
understand the main discourses that frame the experience of older people with
new media. Thus, in this paper I question taken for granted assumptions
regarding the inherent characteristics of older people that prevent them from
entering the social media space. I draw on the concept of ageism to discuss the
implications of this for an individual, older social media user. Keywords: New media; Older person; Discourse; Social imaginaries | |||
| Technology Generation and Media Usage in B-2-B Communication: A Cross-Cultural View | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 414-425 | |
| Martina Ziefle; Vanessa Cabral; Judith Leckebusch; Toni Drescher | |||
| In this work culture-specific and cross-cultural influences on frequency of
use of media and trust in media for B-2-B communication purposes were explored,
taking Brazil and Germany as exemplary countries. Using an online survey, 236
respondents from Brazil and Germany were examined regarding their professional
media usage. Findings show both culture-specific as well as cultural
insensitive media usage in B-2-B communication. Brazilians use new media more
frequently than Germans. However, it was also revealed that cross-cultural
variables as age, gender and technical self-efficacy influence even more
significantly the frequency of use of media. Furthermore, trust in media for
B-2-B communication showed to positively correlated with the frequency of use
of media in both countries. Keywords: Business-to-business; B-2-B; New media; Social media; Culture; Age | |||
| Patterns for User Interface Adaptations | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 426-436 | |
| Gottfried Zimmermann; Annkristin Stratmann; David Reeß; Tobias Glaser | |||
| Websites and web applications that require user input via web forms can be a
usability barrier for elderly users if not designed carefully. This issue is
even compounded by a broad diversity of needs and preferences as observed in
this group of users. In this paper, we report about a current study in which we
prototypically implemented and empirically evaluated four exemplary patterns of
user interface adaptation. These patterns allow for dynamic substitution and/or
augmentation of user interface parts at runtime, with the goal of improving the
individual usability for an elderly user in a specific use context. This
approach could eventually lead to highly personalized web forms within GPII and
URC enabled infrastructures. Keywords: User interface adaptation; Personalized user interface; Web forms;
Supplemental user interface resources; GPII; URC | |||
| Older People's Attitude Towards Mobile Communication in Everyday Life: Digital Literacy and Domestication Processes | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 439-450 | |
| Francesca Comunello; Simone Mulargia; Francesca Belotti; Mireia Fernández-Ardèvol | |||
| Older people's attitude towards mobile communication constitutes a
privileged perspective for analyzing domestication processes of digital
technologies. By means of a qualitative case study conducted in Italy, we study
older users' motivations and usage practices. We focus on perceptions of mobile
phones, adoption and domestication of mobile phones, as well as on usage
skills. Participants, aged 60 to 95 years old, typically started to make use of
mobile telephony in mid 1990 s and they mainly described a utilitarian approach
to the mobile device even though there are cases of anthropomorphization. With
a variety of profiles, from assisted to advanced users, those not having
smartphones sometimes see touchscreen as challenging. They describe different
learning strategies, which are shaped by personal interests. Finally, some
participants adopt more sophisticated devices while others decide to slow down
their relationship with mobile phones. Keywords: Mobile telephony; Older people; Domestication; Learning strategies | |||
| Differences in the Adoption of Smartphones Between Middle Aged Adults and Older Adults in China | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 451-462 | |
| Shang Gao; John Krogstie; Yuhao Yang | |||
| This research aims to investigate the differences in the adoption of
smartphones between middle aged adults and older adults in China. Based on a
literature review from previous research, a research model with eight research
hypotheses was developed by extending UTAUT with a consideration of
observability and compatibility from IDT, and perceived enjoyment and price
value. This research model was empirically examined using survey data from 196
middle aged adults and 146 older adults respectively from China. The findings
indicated that the effects of perceived enjoyment, compatibility, and
observability on users' intention to use smartphones were significant, but no
age differences between middle aged adults and older age adults were found to
exist. Furthermore, the findings also identified age-related differences in the
use and adoption of smartphones. The effects of performance expectancy and
social influence on users' intention to use smartphones were moderated by age,
such that it was significant for older adults but insignificant for middle aged
adults. Keywords: Adoption of smartphones; UTAUT; Older adults; Middle aged adults | |||
| Ease-of-Use of Tactile Interaction for Novice Older Adults | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 463-474 | |
| Lilian Genaro Motti; Nadine Vigouroux; Philippe Gorce | |||
| Usability, particularly ease-of-use, is a main factor affecting the
acceptance of technologies by older adults. Mobile devices offer great
possibilities for well-being applications, but they are often equipped with
touchscreen. In order to evaluate the ease-of-use of tactile interaction, this
study compares the performances of 16 novice (mean age 74) and 8 experienced
older adults (mean 75) during the execution of drag-and-drop interaction for
achieving tactile puzzle games on smartphone and tablet, with pen and fingers.
Results show that novice users were able accomplish interaction accurately with
longer times but no significant difference of errors of accuracy. Keywords: Human-computer interaction; Interaction techniques; Older adults;
Touchscreen; Drag-and-drop; Errors of accuracy; Ease-of-use; Usability | |||
| Age-Related Differences in a Usability Study Measuring Accuracy, Efficiency, and User Satisfaction in Using Smartphones for Census Enumeration: Fiction or Reality? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 475-483 | |
| Erica Olmsted-Hawala; Temika Holland | |||
| Age-related differences were investigated in a usability study of an
application developed for U.S. Census Bureau enumerators to collect survey data
and automate their time and expenses. Accuracy, efficiency and satisfaction
measures were collected as participants used a smartphone to answer typical
tasks. Usability flaws were also identified with the application. Results
indicate that in general there were no differences with task accuracy and
efficiency when comparing all tasks, however when looking at individual tasks,
the task that had the most usability flaws also revealed age-related
differences for accuracy and efficiency -- that is older adults were less
accurate and took longer to complete. Surprisingly, there were age-related
differences with the user satisfaction of the application such that older
adults were less satisfied with the application than younger adults. Tying
age-related differences to usability flaws highlights the importance of
designing optimal applications for all users. Keywords: Usability; Accuracy; Efficiency; Satisfaction; Age-related differences;
NRFU; Census bureau | |||
| Older Adults and the Appropriation and Disappropriation of Smartphones | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 484-495 | |
| Natalie Pang; Samantha Vu; Xue Zhang; Schubert Foo | |||
| Research in recent years has focused on examining the acceptance as well as
the appropriation of technologies amongst older adults, especially in how
technologies alleviate issues of functional declines, loneliness, and financial
difficulties brought about by ageing. Yet such studies have often overlooked
meaningful appropriation or disappropriation of technologies amongst older
adults. By drawing on a longitudinal study of ten older adults who were given a
smartphone under a corporate social responsibility program by a
telecommunications company, we followed the use of smartphones by ten older
adult users using in-depth interviews lasting one to two hours each. Our
findings revealed a mix of appropriation and disappropriation, which are linked
to everyday technological use and routines, attitudes to technology, and social
support. Keywords: Non-use; Technology appropriation; Older adults; Smartphones | |||
| Abilities to Use Technological Communication Tools in Aging: Contribution of a Structured Performance-Based Evaluation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 496-508 | |
| Lisa Quillion-Dupré; Emmanuel Monfort; Vincent Rialle | |||
| New technologies remain little used by the elderly and their impact is not
sufficiently evaluated. Our research aims to evaluate the potential benefits
associated to the use of communication tools and specifically with digital
applications on touch pad. The present research compared the ability to use a
fixed or mobile phone and a touchpad, by 25 young adults and 25 older people,
living in the community and without neurological or psychiatric history.
Compared to younger adults, aging people produce more commission errors and
need more assistance to correct themselves, especially for the most recent
technologies. The data appear to validate a hierarchical assistance model to
help aging people using technological communication tools. They should be
better assisted in a strategic way, using reinsurance and specific cueing. The
results also indicate that the combination of a specific observation grid for
standardized daily living tasks is especially sensitive to evaluate autonomy
loss in aging. Keywords: Telephone; Performance-based assessment; Older person; Touchpad; Errors;
Human assistance | |||
| Elderly and Tablets: Considerations and Suggestions About the Design of Proper Applications | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 509-518 | |
| Eliseo Sciarretta; Andrea Ingrosso; Valentina Volpi; Antonio Opromolla; Roberta Grimaldi | |||
| In this paper, the authors support the idea that tablet is the ideal tool to
assist and enhance the elderly living by providing them with value-added
services. Currently the risk is that a poor design interface may exclude this
substantial part of the population from using useful technologies because of
their specific age category requirements. So, after an analysis of the related
academic literature and an assessment both of elderly needs and tablet limits
and potential, the authors select a set of considerations and suggestions for
the design of tablet applications for elderly, in order to facilitate the
interaction. Keywords: Elderly; Tablet; Interaction design; Design considerations and suggestions | |||
| Developing New Gesture Design Mode in Smartphone Use for Elders | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 519-527 | |
| Ming-Hong Wang; Yu-Chi Chang; Shuo-Fang Liu; Hsin-Hsi Lai | |||
| This article is aimed to design new hand gesture mode of smartphone for
better used by the elderly. The method first use focus grouping to find out the
most difficult use hand gestures for the elderly. Secondly, we develop new
gesture mode with one-finger gesture. Finally, we compare the traditional
gesture with new design gesture mode. Results show that (1) use two fingers as
gesture are the most difficult for the elderly; (2) new design mode are better
than traditional mode statistically significant in usability evaluation.
Accordingly, we suggest the new design gesture mode may be as one solution to
substitute the traditional gesture mode for the elderly. Keywords: Hand gesture mode; Smartphone design; Focus grouping; Usability evaluation;
The elderly people | |||
| Research on Interaction Design of Intelligent Mobile Phone for the Elderly Based on the User Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 528-536 | |
| Minggang Yang; He Huang | |||
| Whether in the developed or developing countries, aging of population has
been a common global trend. With the development of the communication
technology and the Internet era of prosperity, the elderly people also
inevitably need to use modern communication products such as mobile phone so
that they could keep contact with their family, children, the outside world,
including quick call in case of an emergency etc. But the physiology and
psychology of the elderly are very different from the young people, which
mainly is reflected in the degradation of vision, hearing, touch, reaction
ability, hand strength, text and graphics memory ability and so on. Thus when
the elderly people are using the mobile phone there are a lot of inconvenience
and special requirements by them and the user experience is also far different
form the other age groups. Therefore, in the design of the mobile phone for the
older age groups whether the appearance design or the interaction design should
reflect on our care for this special group, to improve the usability of the
product, to bring convenience for them. This paper firstly studies the
physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly. Then it
analyses the behavior characteristics of the elderly in the use of mobile phone
and the user experience. Moreover some principles and methods of interaction
design for the elderly mo-bile phone are presented in this essay; Additionally
through several practical cases of the mobile phone design for the elderly in
China and by using the research method such as the user behavior analysis, user
survey, Analysis of the availability of products, product evaluation, this
paper will analyze and summarize the shortcomings of the current mo-bile phone
for the elderly in interaction design. Finally this paper will not only point
out the direction of improvement for the elderly mobile interaction design but
also provide some useful suggestions and enlightenment for the elderly mobile
phone design in the future. Keywords: Interaction design; The elderly mobile phone; User experience | |||