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[1] EDITED BOOK Online Worlds: Convergence of the Real and the Virtual Human-Computer Interaction Series / Bainbridge, William Sims 2010 n.23 p.302 Springer London
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-825-4
ISBN: 978-1-84882-824-7 (print), 978-1-84882-825-4 (online)
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Introduction (1-6)
	+ Bainbridge, William Sims
New World View (7-19)
	+ Bainbridge, William Sims
Culture and Creativity: World of Warcraft Modding in China and the US (21-41)
	+ Kow, Yong Ming
	+ Nardi, Bonnie
The Diasporic Game Community: Trans-Ludic Cultures and Latitudinal Research Across Multiple Games and Virtual Worlds (43-56)
	+ Pearce, Celia
	+ Artemesia, 	+ 
Science, Technology, and Reality in The Matrix Online and Tabula Rasa (57-70)
	+ Bainbridge, William Sims
Spore: Assessment of the Science in an Evolution-Oriented Game (71-85)
	+ Bohannon, John
	+ Gregory, T. Ryan
	+ et al
Medulla: A Cyberinfrastructure-Enabled Framework for Research, Teaching, and Learning with Virtual Worlds (87-100)
	+ Fox, Michelle Roper
	+ Kelly, Henry
	+ et al
A Virtual Mars (101-109)
	+ Childers, Richard
Opening the Metaverse (111-122)
	+ Lombardi, Julian
	+ Lombardi, Marilyn
A Typology of Ethnographic Scales for Virtual Worlds (123-133)
	+ Boellstorff, Tom
Massively Multiplayer Online Games as Living Laboratories: Opportunities and Pitfalls (135-145)
	+ Ducheneaut, Nicolas
Examining Player Anger in World of Warcraft (147-160)
	+ Barnett, Jane
	+ Coulson, Mark
	+ Foreman, Nigel
Dude Looks like a Lady: Gender Swapping in an Online Game (161-174)
	+ Huh, Searle
	+ Williams, Dmitri
Virtual Doppelgangers: Psychological Effects of Avatars Who Ignore Their Owners (175-186)
	+ Bailenson, Jeremy N.
	+ Segovia, Kathryn Y.
Speaking in Character: Voice Communication in Virtual Worlds (187-200)
	+ Wadley, Greg
	+ Gibbs, Martin R.
What People Talk About in Virtual Worlds (201-212)
	+ Maher, Mary Lou
Changing the Rules: Social Architectures in Virtual Worlds (213-223)
	+ Yee, Nick
Game-Based Virtual Worlds as Decentralized Virtual Activity Systems (225-235)
	+ Scacchi, Walt
When Virtual Worlds Expand (237-251)
	+ Bainbridge, William Sims
Cooperation, Coordination, and Trust in Virtual Teams: Insights from Virtual Games (253-264)
	+ Korsgaard, M. Audrey
	+ Picot, Arnold
	+ et al
Virtual Worlds for Virtual Organizing (265-278)
	+ Rhoten, Diana
	+ Lutters, Wayne
Future Evolution of Virtual Worlds as Communication Environments (279-288)
	+ Prisco, Giulio
The Future of Virtual Worlds (289-302)
	+ Bainbridge, William Sims
	+ Lutters, Wayne
	+ et al

[2] Knowledge work artifacts: kernel cousins for free/open source software development Knowledge sharing in practice / Elliott, Margaret / Ackerman, Mark S. / Scacchi, Walt GROUP'07: International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2007-11-04 p.177-186
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Most empirical studies of peer production have focused on the final products of these efforts (such as software in Free/Open Source projects), but there are also many other knowledge artifacts that improve the effectiveness of the project. This paper presents a study of an intermediate work product, or informalism, used in a Free/Open Source Software project, GNUe. A digest-like artifact called the Kernel Cousin (KC) was used extensively in the project. These KCs allowed critical coordination and memory, but at the cost of considerable effort. The paper presents two examples of the KCs' use in the project as well as an analysis of their benefits and costs.

[3] Free software developers as an occupational community: resolving conflicts and fostering collaboration Communities I / Elliott, Margaret S. / Scacchi, Walt GROUP'03: International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2003-11-09 p.21-30
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: In this paper, we present results from the study of a free software development virtual organization, the GNU Enterprise (GNUe) project, and how they develop software in a globally distributed free software development project. In particular, examples of how they mitigate and resolve conflict are presented. Conflict arises over the use of a non-free tool to create GNUe graphic, and over the use of a non-free tool for GNUe documentation. The GNUe developers resolve the conflict using internet relay chat (IRC), threaded email discussions, and community digests. We characterize the GNUe developers as an occupational subculture within the occupational community of free/open source software (F/OSS) developers and show how the beliefs in free software and freedom of choice, and values in cooperative work and community assist GNUe contributors in mitigating and resolving conflict. In addition, we show how, despite fluctuating boundaries of membership in a virtual organization, daily discussions on the GNUe IRC serve to build and perpetuate the global community of GNUe contributors as well as F/OSS developers in general.

[4] Understanding the Requirements for Information System Documentation: An Empirical Investigation Organizational Dimensions of the Design and Documentation of Computer Systems / Jazzar, Abdulaziz / Scacchi, Walt Conference on Organizational Computing Systems 1995-08-13 p.268-279
DESIGN, DOCUMENTATION, HUMAN FACTORS, MANAGEMENT K.6.3 Computing Milieux, MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Software Management, Software development. K.6.1 Computing Milieux, MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Project and People Management, Systems development. D.2.7 Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement, Documentation. K.6.1 Computing Milieux, MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Project and People Management, Training.

[5] Requirements for an Extensible Object-Oriented Tree/Graph Editor Tools / Karrer, Anthony / Scacchi, Walt Proceedings of the 1990 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 1990-10-03 p.84-91
Summary: Software engineers use graphs to represent many types of information. This paper describes a tool which is used to rapidly extend base classes to create graph editors as a user-interface to these information domains. This paper also presents requirements for extensible graph editors. These requirements establish a basis of comparison for extensible graph editors.
    An object-oriented programming language and an object-oriented user interface toolkit provide a great degree of flexibility for creating graph editors. Users create instances of a graph editor by specifying global and local functionality. Global functionality takes the form of graph layout algorithms, user interaction, and interaction with other tools. Local functionality is the description of the meaning and pictorial representation of nodes and arcs. As such, this paper describes a number of example graph editors that have been developed with these mechanisms which satisfy the requirements.

[6] A Hypertext System to Manage Software Life-Cycle Documents Special Features / Garg, Pankaj K. / Scacchi, Walt IEEE Software 1990 v.7 n.3 p.90-98
Summary: Traditional systems don't handle the documentation requirements of large-scale, multiproject software development. But this hypertext-based system does.

[7] Expert Systems and Hypertext Panels / Bieber, Michael / Feiner, Steve / Frisse, Mark / Hayes, Phil / Peper, Gerri / Scacchi, Walt ACM Hypertext'89 Proceedings 1989-11-05 p.391-392
ACM Digital Library Link

[8] Developing Software Systems to Facilitate Social Organization Work with Computers: Organizational, Management, Stress and Health Aspects; Organizational / Scacchi, Walt Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1989-09-18 v.1 p.64-72
Summary: Developing the next generation of advanced computing systems will change the patterns of work in software system development organizations. Based on empirical studies of how new computing systems are developed, we find that major system engineering problems require organizational solutions rather than just technical solutions. We continue to investigate organizational settings where large software systems are being developed to study these problems and examine possible solutions. Our experience to date indicates that we can successfully incorporate findings from social analyses of computing into system development, and use them to find more effective ways to organize system development work. Further, we believe that system development strategies that follow from such findings when applied may lead to a more participatory, democratic workplace, rather than one that is just increasingly automated and bureaucratic.

[9] On Designing Intelligent Hypertext Systems for Information Management in Software Engineering Software / Garg, Pankaj K. / Scacchi, Walt ACM Hypertext'87 Proceedings 1987-11-13 p.409-432
Summary: Information management in large scale software engineering is a challenging problem. Hypertext systems are best suited for this purpose because of the diversity in information types that is permitted in the nodes of a hypertext. The integration of a hypertext system with software engineering tools results in a software hypertext system. We describe the design of such a system called DIF. Based on our experiences in using DIF, we recognized the need and the potential for developing a hypertext system that could utilize knowledge about its users and their software tasks and products. Such a system might then be able to act as an active participant in the software process, rather than being just a passive, albeit useful storage facility. As such, we define an Intelligent Software Hypertext System (I-SHYS) as a software hypertext system which is knowledgeable about its environment and can use such knowledge to assist in the software process. This knowledge is partly embedded in the design of an I-SHYS (in terms of the `agents' that I-SHYS supports) and partly defined during the use of I-SHYS (in terms of tasks that agents perform). We present a framework for defining and organizing this knowledge, describe potential uses of such knowledge, identify limits of our approach, and suggest methods for circumventing them.

[10] Panel session on collaborative design: technology futures Panel B: collaboration design: technology futures / Krasner, Herb / Tang, John / Curtis, Bill / Bullen, Chris / Scacchi, Walt Proceedings of ACM CSCW'86 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 1986-12-03 p.144-145
ACM Digital Library Link

[11] The Costs of Personal Computing in a Complex Organization: A Comparative Study Organizational Analysis: Due Process / Nayle, Sonia / Scacchi, Walt Proceedings of the Conference on Office Automation Systems 1986-10-06 p.33-42
Summary: The widespread adoption of personal computers (PCs) may be attributable to their apparent low purchase and operational costs. However, significant procedural costs arise in fitting a PC application into a work setting. Our investigation of the adoption and use of PCs in several departments of a complex organization reveals a large number of unanticipated costs. These indirect, deferred, and governance costs are chiefly borne by users not responsible for acquiring PCs. These costs represent additional demands for users' time, skill, expertise, and attention as well as money. We find that the distribution of deferred costs determines the viability of PC systems. We also find that the integration of PCs can alter the way people do their jobs. These changes in turn give rise to additional social and political costs within the organization. Subsequently, we find that the true costs of personal computing are typically underestimated and unaccounted.