[1]
A Robot of My Own: Participatory Design of Socially Assistive Robots for
Independently Living Older Adults Diagnosed with Depression
HCI Design and Evaluation Methods for the Elderly
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Šabanovic, Selma
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Chang, Wan-Ling
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Bennett, Casey C.
/
Piatt, Jennifer A.
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Hakken, David
ITAP 2015: First International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the
Aged Population, Part I: Design for Aging
2015-08-02
v.1
p.104-114
Keywords: Assistive robotics; Social robots; Participatory design; Elderly;
Depression; Patient-centered healthcare
© Copyright 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
Summary: This paper presents an ongoing project using participatory design methods to
develop design concepts for socially assistive robots (SARs) with older adults
diagnosed with depression and co-occurring physical illness. We frame SARs
development in the context of preventive patient-centered healthcare, which
empowers patients as the primary drivers of health and aims to delay the onset
of disease rather than focusing on treatment. After describing how SARs can be
of benefit in this form of healthcare, we detail our participatory design study
with older adults and therapists aimed at developing preventive SARs
applications for this population. We found therapists and older adults to be
willing and able to participate in assistive robot design, though hands-on
participation was a challenge. Our findings suggest that important areas of
concern for older adults with depression are social interaction and
companionship, as well as technologies that are easy to use and require minimal
intervention.
[2]
Rabble of Robots Effects: Number and Form of Robots Modulates Attitudes,
Emotions, and Stereotypes
Session D: Perceptions of Robots
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Fraune, Marlena R.
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Sherrin, Steven
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Sabanovic, Selma
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Smith, Eliot R.
Proceedings of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2015-03-02
v.1
p.109-116
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: Robots are expected to become present in society in increasing numbers, yet
few studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) go beyond one-to-one interaction
to examine how emotions, attitudes, and stereotypes expressed toward groups of
robots differ from those expressed toward individuals. Research from social
psychology indicates that people interact differently with individuals than
with groups. We therefore hypothesize that group effects might similarly occur
when people face multiple robots. Further, group effects might vary for robots
of different types. In this exploratory study, we used videos to expose
participants in a between-subjects experiment to robots varying in Number
(Single or Group) and Type (anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, or mechanomorphic). We
then measured participants' general attitudes, emotions, and stereotypes toward
robots with a combination of measures from HRI (e.g., Godspeed Questionnaire,
NARS) and social psychology (e.g., Big Five, Social Threat, Emotions). Results
suggest that Number and Type of observed robots had an interaction effect on
responses toward robots in general, leading to more positive responses for
groups for some robot types, but more negative responses for others.
[3]
Interaction Expands Function: Social Shaping of the Therapeutic Robot PARO
in a Nursing Home
Session I: Human Behaviors, Activities, and Environments, Part 2
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Chang, Wan-Ling
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Šabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2015-03-02
v.1
p.343-350
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: We use the "social shaping of technology and society" framework to
qualitatively analyze data collected through observation of human-robot
interaction (HRI) between social actors in a nursing home (staff, residents,
visitors) and the socially assistive robot PARO. The study took place over the
course of three months, during which PARO was placed in a publicly accessibly
space where participants could interact with it freely. Social shaping focuses
attention on social factors that affect the use and interpretation of
technology in particular contexts. We therefore aimed to understand how
different social actors make sense of and use PARO in daily interaction. Our
results show participant gender, social mediation, and individual sense making
led to differential use and interpretation of the robot, which affected the
success of human-robot interactions. We also found that exposure to others
interacting with PARO affected the nursing staff's perceptions of robots and
their potential usefulness in eldercare. This shows that social shaping theory
provides a valuable perspective for understanding the implementation of robots
in long-term HRI and can inform interaction design in this domain.
[4]
Studying Socially Assistive Robots in Their Organizational Context: Studies
with PARO in a Nursing Home
HRI Pioneers -- Poster Session 3
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Chang, Wan-Ling
/
Šabanovic, Selma
Extended Abstracts of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Human-Robot Interaction
2015-03-02
v.2
p.227-228
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: We explore human-robot interaction (HRI) with socially assistive robots
within a broader social context instead of one-on-one interaction.. In this
paper, we describe two in situ studies of the socially assistive robot PARO in
a local nursing home -- one in a controlled small group setting, and one in
free-form interaction in a public space -- as well as our future research
agenda to facilitate socially situated exploration of assistive robotics in the
wild. We particularly focus on how people and institutions scaffold successful
HRI, and identify how social mediation, individual sensemaking, and other
social factors affect the success of HRI.
[5]
HRI Education Workshop: How to Design and Teach Courses in Human-Robot
Interaction
Workshops
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Berry, Carlotta A.
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Bethel, Cindy
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Šabanovic, Selma
Extended Abstracts of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Human-Robot Interaction
2015-03-02
v.2
p.245-246
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: This workshop aims to share best practices for teaching courses in
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The main focus is on undergraduate and graduate
education and training, but K-12 and informal learning environments are also of
interest. HRI is still a relatively new field with no standardized textbook or
curriculum. Furthermore, HRI education requires an interdisciplinary approach,
which poses challenges for both students and instructors. This workshop will
bring together researchers and educators to discuss strategies for designing
and teaching HRI to students with diverse backgrounds and skill sets.
[6]
MiRAE: My Inner Voice
Videos
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Doyle, Logan
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Bennett, Casey C.
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Šabanovic, Selma
Extended Abstracts of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Human-Robot Interaction
2015-03-02
v.2
p.287
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: This video presents the interactions between MiRAE, an interactive robotic
face, and visitors to an art exhibition at which it was displayed. The robot
operated eight hours a day, six days a week, for three weeks in Spring 2014 and
interacted with over 700 people across 300 interactions. The robot was fully
autonomous and researchers were not present on site during the exhibit, so
people interacted in a free-form manner, both individually and in groups.
During the exhibit, video recordings were taken of people's responses to the
robot. This video depicts a series of resulting interactions, with MiRAE's
interpretation of the events.
[7]
Stay on the boundary: artifact analysis exploring researcher and user
framing of robot design
Human-robot interaction
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Lee, Hee Rin
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Šabanovic, Selma
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Stolterman, Erik
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2014-04-26
v.1
p.1471-1474
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: In recent years, HCI researchers have increased their focus on studying the
power relationships between researchers and users, and developing methodologies
for eliciting design ideas that are sensitive to existing epistemic hierarchies
in technology design. The differential value given to expert versus lay
knowledge is a central factor in these debates. We apply Artifact Analysis,
developed to help designers handle the complexity of digital artifacts, as a
method to explore how experts and non-experts understand and frame robots, a
technology characterized by significant complexity. Our results show that both
non-expert users and expert researchers have knowledge that is significant to
future robot development, but they focus on different aspects of the technology
-- users address mediated and interaction complexity while researchers focus on
internal and external complexity. We also found that robots function as
boundary objects between experts and users, and suggest that one task designers
can perform is to "stay on the boundary" and mediate between the different ways
in which experts and non-experts frame emerging technology to develop designs
that benefit from insights from both user and researcher perspectives.
[8]
Culturally variable preferences for robot design and use in South Korea,
Turkey, and the United States
Sociable robots
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Lee, Hee Rin
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Sabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2014-03-03
p.17-24
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: Based on the results of an online survey conducted with participants in
South Korea (N=73), Turkey (N=46), and the United States (N=99), we show that
people's perceptions and preferences regarding acceptable designs and uses for
robots are culturally variable on a number of dimensions, including general
attitudes towards robots, preferences for robot form, interactivity,
intelligence, and sociality. We also explore correlations between these design
and use characteristics and factors cited as having an effect on user
perceptions and acceptance of robots, such as religious beliefs and media
exposure. Our research suggests that culturally variable attitudes and
preferences toward robots are not simply reducible to these factors, rather
they relate to more specific social dynamics and norms. In conclusion, we
discuss potential design and research implications of culturally variable and
universally accepted user preferences regarding robots.
[9]
Robot gossip: effects of mode of robot communication on human perceptions of
robots
HRI2014 late breaking reports poster
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Fraune, Marlena R.
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Šabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2014-03-03
p.160-161
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: With robots becoming more prevalent, it is important to understand human
attitudes toward robots not only when humans directly interact with the robots
as most research examines, but when robots are performing nonsocial tasks
(e.g., cleaning) within sight and hearing of humans. This study examined how
presumed robot communication style in such situations of human-robot
co-location affects human perceptions of a group of robots. Results suggest
that communication style of robots did not affect perceptions of robots, but
further studies should use different techniques to manipulate supposed
communication style.
[10]
Weiser's dream in the Korean home: collaborative study of domestic roles,
relationships, and ideal technologies
Computing in the home
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Lee, Hee Rin
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Šabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 2013 International Joint Conference on Pervasive and
Ubiquitous Computing
2013-09-08
v.1
p.637-646
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Following Bell and Dourish's call for a "ubicomp of the present," we visited
14 households in Korea, where Weiser's dreams come true, to study their social
dynamics and domestic technologies as a part of these dynamics. We used a
participatory research approach in which participants, acting as collaborative
ethnographers and co-designers, chose how to describe their homes to us and
which existing technologies to discuss. A qualitative analysis of the
conversations identified two main themes. The first finding is the highly
gendered nature of roles in the Korean home, influenced by traditional
Confucian values and reinforced by contemporary neo-liberal norms. The second
finding is that domestic technologies are used, adopted, and imagined in the
context of these gendered social dynamics rather than just according to
functional needs. In conclusion, we emphasize the need to attend to the social
dynamics of the home in the design of politically sensitive domestic
technologies, which will enable the inclusion of marginalized voices, such as
women, in design.
[11]
Perceptions of affective expression in a minimalist robotic face
HRI 2013 late breaking results and poster session
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Bennett, Casey C.
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Šabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2013-03-03
p.81-82
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: This study explores deriving minimal features for a robotic face to convey
information (via facial expressions) that people can perceive/understand.
Recent research in computer vision has shown that a small number of moving
points/lines can be used to capture the majority of information (~95%) in human
facial expressions. Here, we apply such findings to a minimalist robot face;
recognition rates were similar to more complex robots. The project aims to
answer a number of fundamental questions about robotic face design, as well as
to develop inexpensive/replicable robotic faces for experimental purposes.
[12]
Potential use of robots in Taiwanese nursing homes
HRI 2013 late breaking results and poster session
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Chang, Wan-Ling
/
Šabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2013-03-03
p.99-100
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Nursing homes and long-term care institutions often need technological
assistance because of the high ratio of low-functioning residents coupled with
a shortage of caregivers. To explore the potential uses of emerging robotic
technologies in nursing homes, we apply Forlizzi's concept of the product
ecology and a user-centered design approach involving field study and focus
groups to understand what kind of robot design would be suitable in the nursing
home context. Our preliminary results show that instead of a robot which
completely replaces human labor, nursing home staff prefer robot assistants who
fit into their working process. We also learned the most appropriate functions
for robots in nursing homes were helping with minor tasks and encouraging
social interaction among residents.
[13]
Use of seal-like robot PARO in sensory group therapy for older adults with
dementia
HRI 2013 late breaking results and poster session
/
Chang, Wan-Ling
/
Šabanovic, Selma
/
Huber, Lesa
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2013-03-03
p.101-102
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: This work presents the preliminary results of an eight-week study of the
seal-like robot PARO being used in a sensory therapy activity in a local
nursing home. Participants were older adults with different levels of cognitive
impairment. We analyzed participant behaviors in video recorded during the
weekly interactions between older adults, a therapist, and PARO. We found that
PARO's continued use led to a steady increase in physical interaction between
older adults and the robot and an increasing willingness among participants to
interact with it.
[14]
INTERNET
Masters of Science in HCI
/
Bardzell, Jeffrey
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Bardzell, Shaowen
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Blevis, Eli
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Connelly, Kay
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Groth, Dennis P.
/
Hakken, David
/
Medina, Eden
/
Rawlins, Gregory J. E.
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Sabanovic, Selma
/
Siegel, Martin
/
Stolterman, Erik A.
2012-08-28
2002-12-02
United States, Indiana, Bloomington
Indiana University
Summary: Masters degree in HCI offered through the School of Informatics at IU.
[15]
The effect of monitoring by cameras and robots on the privacy enhancing
behaviors of older adults
Living and working with service robots
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Caine, Kelly
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Sabanovic, Selma
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Carter, Mary
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction
2012-03-05
p.343-350
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: This paper describes the results of an experimental study in which older
adult participants interacted with three monitoring technologies designed to
support their ability to age in place in their own home -- a camera, a
stationary robot, and a mobile robot. The aim of our study was to evaluate
users' perceptions of privacy and their tendencies to engage in privacy
enhancing behaviors (PEBs) by comparing the three conditions. We found that
privacy concerns lead older adults to change their behavior in a home
environment while being monitored by cameras or embodied robots. We expected
participants to engage in more PEBs when they interacted with a mobile robot,
which provided embodied cues of ongoing monitoring; surprisingly, we found the
opposite to be true -- the camera was the condition in which participants
performed more PEBs. We describe the results of quantitative and qualitative
analyses of our survey, interview, and observational data and discuss the
implications of our study for human-robot interaction, the study of privacy and
technology, and the design of assistive robots for monitoring older adults.
[16]
Designing a robot through prototyping in the wild
Late-breaking reports/poster session
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sabanovic, Selma
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Reeder, Sarah
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Kechavarzi, Bobak
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Zimmerman, Zachary
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction
2011-03-06
p.239-240
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: This paper describes the design and initial evaluation of Dewey, a
do-it-yourself (DIY) robot prototype aimed to help users manage break-taking in
the workplace. We describe the application domain, prototyping and technical
implementation, and evaluation of Dewey in a real office environment to show
how research using simple prototypes can provide valuable insights into user
needs and practices at the early stages of socially assistive robot design.
[17]
Breakbot: a social motivator for the workplace
Mind your body
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Reeder, Sarah
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Kelly, Lorelei
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Kechavarzi, Bobak
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Sabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of DIS'10: Designing Interactive Systems
2010-08-16
p.61-64
Keywords: assistive technology, emotional design, human-robot interaction,
interpretation, ubiquitous computing
© Copyright 2010 ACM
Summary: Workplace injuries commonly result from long periods of inactivity during
computer use. Software exists to help remind people to take breaks but is often
ineffective. On the basis of design research performed in an office
environment, we propose an emotionally expressive companion robot to encourage
employees to take breaks and socialize more regularly. Initial reactions to our
design were positive, and encourage further investigation.
[18]
A dancing robot for rhythmic social interaction
Full papers
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Michalowski, Marek P.
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Sabanovic, Selma
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Kozima, Hideki
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2007-03-10
p.89-96
Keywords: children, dance, human-robot interaction, social robotics
© Copyright 2007 ACM
Summary: This paper describes a robotic system that uses dance as a form of social
interaction to explore the properties and importance of rhythmic movement in
general social interaction. The system consists of a small creature-like robot
whose movement is controlled by a rhythm-based software system. Environmental
rhythms can be extracted from auditory or visual sensory stimuli, and the robot
synchronizes its movement to a dominant rhythm. The system was demonstrated,
and an exploratory study conducted, with children interacting with the robot in
a generalized dance task. Through a behavioral analysis of videotaped
interactions, we found that the robot's synchronization with the background
music had an effect on children's interactive involvement with the robot.
Furthermore, we observed a number of expected and unexpected styles and
modalities of interactive exploration and play that inform our discussion on
the next steps in the design of a socially rhythmic robotic system.
[19]
Socially distributed perception
Short papers
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Michalowski, Marek P.
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DiSalvo, Carl
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Busquets, Didac
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Hiatt, Laura M.
/
Melchior, Nik A.
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Simmons, Reid
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Sabanovic, Selma
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2006-03-02
p.349-350
Keywords: human-robot interaction, social robotics
© Copyright 2006 ACM
Summary: The problems of human detection, tracking, and attention recognition can be
solved more effectively by integrating multiple sensory modalities, such as
vision and range data. We present a system that uses a laser range scanner and
a single camera to detect and track people, and to classify their attention
relative to a socially interactive robot.
