[1]
Resistance is Fertile: Design Fictions in Dystopian Worlds
alt.chi: Design Fictions and HCI
/
Dalton, Nicholas S.
/
Moreau, Rebecca
/
Adams, Ross K.
Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems
2016-05-07
v.2
p.365-374
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: Current work on design fiction has discussed their use for personal
reflection, sharing with collaborators, forming a public "vision" but with
small numbers of participant readers. We wanted to explore a new way of using
design fictions as a tool for discussion with large global audiences via social
authoring web sights. To achieve this, we wrote a highly read, science-fiction
novel called I'm a Cyborg's Pet (The Thinking Girl's Guide to Surviving a Robot
Apocalypse), on an online, social, serial-writing website called Wattpad. We
found our readers confounded our initial expectations of dystopian fiction.
[2]
Multiomodal Application for the Perception of Spaces (MAPS)
Poster Session 2
/
Adams, Richard
/
Pawluk, Dianne
/
Fields, Margaret
/
Clingman, Ryan
Seventeenth International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and
Accessibility
2015-10-26
p.393-394
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: MAPS (Multimodal Application for the Perception of Spaces) is a tablet App,
with associated hardware, for providing on-the-go access to audio-tactile maps
of unfamiliar indoor venues to individuals who are blind or visually impaired.
Performance of the system was assessed using a survey knowledge task in which
participants were exposed to three different cue combinations: audio only,
audio with haptic cues provided by the tablet's built-in vibrational motor
(built-in tactile), and audio with haptic feedback provided by special
vibrating rings worn on two fingers (stereo-tactile). Of the three conditions,
the combination of audio and built-in tactile feedback resulted in superior
user performance in judging the relative direction to points of interest.
Results indicate that the audio-tactile display improves survey knowledge both
when used for a priori (pre-visit) map learning and on-the-go (within the
environment) to provide just-in-time information.
[3]
PERSPeCT: collaborative filtering for tailored health communications
Short papers
/
Adams, Roy J.
/
Sadasivam, Rajani S.
/
Balakrishnan, Kavitha
/
Kinney, Rebecca L.
/
Houston, Thomas K.
/
Marlin, Benjamin M.
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
2014-10-06
p.329-332
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: The goal of computer tailored health communications (CTHC) is to elicit
healthy behavior changes by sending motivational messages personalized to
individual patients. One prominent weakness of many existing CTHC systems is
that they are based on expert-written rules and thus have no ability to learn
from their users over time. One solution to this problem is to develop CTHC
systems based on the principles of collaborative filtering, but this approach
has not been widely studied. In this paper, we present a case study evaluating
nine rating prediction methods for use in the Patient Experience Recommender
System for Persuasive Communication Tailoring, a system developed for use in a
clinical trial of CTHC-based smoking cessation support interventions.
[4]
Good vibrations: an evaluation of vibrotactile impedance matching for low
power wearable applications
Haptics
/
Lindsay, Jack I. C.
/
Jiang, Iris
/
Larson, Eric
/
Adams, Richard
/
Patel, Shwetak N.
/
Hannaford, Blake
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and
Technology
2013-10-08
v.1
p.515-520
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Vibrotactile devices suffer from poor energy efficiency, arising from a
mismatch between the device and the impedance of the human skin. This results
in over-sized actuators and excessive power consumption, and prevents
development of more sophisticated, miniaturized and low-power mobile tactile
devices. In this paper, we present the experimental evaluation of a
vibrotactile system designed to match the impedance of the skin to the
impedance of the actuator. This system is able to quadruple the motion of the
skin without increasing power consumption, and produce sensations equivalent to
a standard system while consuming 1/2 of the power. By greatly reducing the
size and power constraints of vibrotactile actuators, this technology offers a
means to realize more sophisticated, smaller haptic devices for the user
interface community.
[5]
Creating small products at a big company: adobe's "pipeline" innovation
process
Case studies: innovating user-centered design
/
Adams, Rob J.
/
Evans, Bradee
/
Brandt, Joel
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2013-04-27
v.2
p.2331-2332
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Pipeline is a new development process at Adobe designed to rapidly prototype
and evaluate new product offerings. Pipeline has user research at its core, and
success is defined by how much is learned about a given problem, not by how
much product is built. Starting ideas for new product directions are identified
through Contextual Inquiry. Once a product direction is selected, an iterative
process of development and evaluation is carried out over a 13-week period.
Opportunities to pivot are built in at 3-week intervals, driven by evaluation
results from laboratory studies. The Pipeline process is explained through an
example product prototype, called "Gadget". Gadget is an application targeted
at Web developers that helps them more easily experiment with and modify the
visual layout of a Web page.
[6]
Keeping wiki content current via news sources
Demonstrations
/
Adams, Rachel
/
Kuntz, Alex
/
Marks, Morgan
/
Martin, William
/
Musicant, David
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Intelligent User
Interfaces
2013-03-19
v.2
p.51-52
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Online resources known as wikis are commonly used for collection and
distribution of information. We present a software implementation that assists
wiki contributors with the task of keeping a wiki current. Our demonstration,
built using English Wikipedia, enables wiki contributors to subscribe to
sources of news, based on which it makes intelligent recommendations for pages
within Wikipedia where the new content should be added. This tool is also
potentially useful for helping new Wikipedia editors find material to
contribute.
[7]
User sensitive research in e-learning: exploring the role of individual user
characteristics
Long Paper
/
Granic, Andrina
/
Adams, Ray
Universal Access in the Information Society
2011-08
v.10
n.3
p.307-318
Keywords: User sensitive research; User individual characteristics; User modelling;
Intelligent user interfaces; e-learning systems
Copyright © 2011 Springer-Verlag
Summary: The increasing need for active and accessible learning in the inclusive
knowledge society drives the demand for e-learning that engages users much more
effectively than ever before. In this context, it is crucial to conduct
research that embraces innovation in user sensitive design, or else influential
individual user differences may be overlooked. The objective of this paper is
to explore the creation of successful e-learning systems that are able to
increase users' learning performance and enhance their personal learning
experiences. The paper reports two converging and complimentary approaches,
namely case studies and experimentation. First, case studies are used to
explore the extent to which effective e-learning systems comply with eight
specific factors. Of the eight, accessibility, individual differences and
student modeling turn out to be the weakest points in current practice. Second,
an empirical study investigates the influences of user individual user
differences on users' learning outcomes in an e-learning environment. The
experiment found that individual differences in motivation to learn and
expectations about e-learning significantly impacted users' learning
achievements. Third, based on these studies, improvements in research
methodology are identified towards greater consideration of user sensitive
research issues, thus enabling us to outline improved experimental procedures.
Further experiment results should provide us with better insights into the
arguments needed to carefully assess benefits of developing and involving a
user model in an e-learning application. Consequently, evaluation and
justification could now encompass both system performance as well as user
performance.
[8]
Age-Related Accessibility Biases in Pass-Face Recognition
Cultural and Emotional Aspects
/
Adams, Ray
/
Bahr, Gisela Susanne
/
Raif, Ejder Sevgen
UAHCI 2011: 6th International Conference on Universal Access in
Human-Computer Interaction, Part II: Users Diversity
2011-07-09
v.2
p.423-431
Copyright © 2011 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Accessibility and security are often depicted as conflicting aspirations.
Accessible systems may be less secure and secure systems may be less
accessible. The search is on for greater security for logging onto systems,
whilst achieving acceptably high levels of accessibility. Pass-faces are based
on the twin axioms of greater accessibility and security. A new user of a pass
face system is asked to select "n" faces from an array of faces, where n is at
least two and usually more. The user is required to memorize those faces and to
recognize them again when represented to you as part of larger display. It has
been suggested that this approach is less susceptible to poaching than are
alphanumeric methods. There has been a considerable volume of work to evaluate
the usage of pass face systems, but little work on the psychology of pass
faces. Equally, pass face systems have received little attention from
researchers in accessibility. In the present study, two previously unrelated
themes were investigated in two experiments. First, are pass face systems
acceptably usable? Second, how do pass face systems rely on the reliability of
human face recognition memory? In two experiments, two types of pass face
system consisting of (a) older faces; over 50 years of age and (b) younger
faces; under 30 years of age were created. It turns out that younger
participants are often better at recognizing younger faces than older faces in
the context of pass face security, whilst older participants are sometimes
better at recognizing older faces than younger faces in the context of pass
face security. Thus an experiment that used only younger faces would falsely
conclude that younger participants were better at face recognition memory than
older participants in general. These results were checked and confirmed by
literatures reviews of pass face security and human recognition memory for
faces. These results show that universal access cannot be applied on a
one-size-fits-all basis. They also suggest that the security-related
disciplines of HCI and psychology would benefit from greater interaction
between them.
[9]
The Potential of the BCI for Accessible and Smart e-Learning
Alternative Interaction Techniques and Devices
/
Adams, Ray
/
Comley, Richard
/
Ghoreyshi, Mahbobeh
UAHCI 2009: 5th International Conference on Universal Access in
Human-Computer Interaction, Part II: Intelligent and Ubiquitous Interaction
Environments
2009-07-19
v.2
p.467-476
Keywords: brain-computer-interface; e-learning; accessibility; disability; artifacts
Copyright © 2009 Springer-Verlag
Summary: The brain computer interface (BCI) should be the accessibility solution "par
excellence" for interactive and e-learning systems. There is a substantial
tradition of research on the human electro encephalogram (EEG) and on BCI
systems that are based, interalia, on EEG measurement. We have not yet seen a
viable BCI for e-learning. For many users for a BCI based interface is their
first choice for good quality interaction, such as those with major psychomotor
or cognitive impairments. However, there are many more for whom the BCI would
be an attractive option given an acceptable learning overhead, including less
severe disabilities and safety critical conditions where cognitive overload or
limited responses are likely. Recent progress has been modest as there are many
technical and accessibility problems to overcome. We present these issues and
report a survey of fifty papers to capture the state-of-the-art in BCI and the
implications for e-learning.
[10]
An Acceptability Predictor for Websites
Universal Access to the World Wide Web
/
Adams, Ray
/
White, Anthony
/
Ceylan, Efe
UAHCI 2009: 5th International Conference on Universal Access in
Human-Computer Interaction, Part III: Applications and Services
2009-07-19
v.3
p.628-634
Keywords: Prediction; acceptability; usability; accessibility; websites
Copyright © 2009 Springer-Verlag
Summary: User acceptance is a high priority for website design and implementation.
Two significant, but largely separate, approaches to acceptability are: First,
the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) has explored the measurement of
technical features of a website to gauge its accessibility. Second, human
judgments about acceptability are obtained from intended users or experts. The
present work explores the important question of how best to combine these two
methods. Experiment One required new users to explore automatic website
evaluation systems. They found two of four systems difficult or impossible to
use and system outputs difficult to understand. Experiment Two combines formal
properties and user judgments, using an automatic system to predict user
judgments from formal website properties. A simple system was able to predict
user judgments within 91% accuracy. Clearly, user judgments about websites can
be predicted reliably, a result of value to designers.
[11]
Evaluating choice in universal access: an example from rehabilitation
robotics
Long Paper
/
White, A. S.
/
Adams, R.
/
Prior, S.
Universal Access in the Information Society
2009
v.8
n.3
p.155-163
Keywords: Universal access, Decision criteria, Dimensional analysis, Interface,
Rehabilitation robot
© Copyright 2009 Springer
Summary: This paper describes a technique using dimensional analysis that so far has
been rarely, if ever, used in studies of universal access. However, this
procedure can produce a robust decision support process for inclusive designs.
In this paper, it is applied to a case study of a wheelchair robot computer
interface with choices in data input methods, addressing disparate requirements
of different groups of intended users. The main underlying issue is to combine
technical measurements, speed of operation and cost with subjective opinion. It
turns out that Braglia's method has greater robustness in determining rank
compared to standard techniques. In this, case a simple switch was rated better
than a mouse or voice operation for control.
[12]
EDITED BOOK
The Universal Access Handbook
2009
n.61
p.1034
CRC Press
== Introduction to Universal Access ==
Universal Access and Design for All in the Evolving Information Society
+ Stephanidis, C.
Perspectives on Accessibility: From Assistive Technologies to Universal Access and Design for All
+ Emiliani, P. L.
Accessible and Usable Design of Information and Communication Technologies
+ Vanderheiden, G. C.
== Diversity in the User Population ==
Dimensions of User Diversity
+ Ashok, M.
+ Jacko, J. A.
Motor Impairments and Universal Access
+ Keates, S.
Sensory Impairments
+ Kinzel, E.
+ Jacko, J. A.
Cognitive Disabilities
+ Lewis, C.
Age-Related Diff erences in the Interface Design Process
+ Kurniawan, S.
International and Intercultural User Interfaces
+ Marcus, A.
+ Rau, P.-L. P.
== Technologies for Diverse Contexts of Use ==
Accessing the Web
+ Hanson, V. L.
+ Richards, J. T.
+ Harper, S.
+ Trewin, S.
Handheld Devices and Mobile Phones
+ Kaikkonen, A.
+ Kaasinen, E.
+ Ketola, P.
Virtual Reality
+ Hughes, D.
+ Smith, E.
+ Shumaker, R.
+ Hughes, C.
Biometrics and Universal Access
+ Fairhurst, M. C.
Interface Agents: Potential Benefits and Challenges for Universal Access
+ and, E. André
M. Rehm
== Development Lifecycle of User Interfaces ==
User Requirements Elicitation for Universal Access
+ Antona, M.
+ Ntoa, S.
+ Adami, I.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Unified Design for User Interface Adaptation
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Designing Universally Accessible Games
+ Grammenos, D.
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Software Requirements for Inclusive User Interfaces
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Tools for Inclusive Design
+ Waller, S.
+ Clarkson, P. J.
The Evaluation of Accessibility, Usability, and User Experience
+ Petrie, H.
+ Bevan, N.
== User Interface Development: Architectures, Components, and Tools ==
A Unified Soft ware Architecture for User Interface Adaptation
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
A Decision-Making Specifi cation Language for User Interface Adaptation
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Methods and Tools for the Development of Unified Web-Based User Interfaces
+ Doulgeraki, C.
+ Partarakis, N.
+ Mourouzis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
User Modeling: A Universal Access Perspective
+ Adams, R.
Model-Based Tools: A User-Centered Design for All Approach
+ Stary, C.
Markup Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
+ Paternò, F.
+ Santoro, C.
Abstract Interaction Objects in User Interface Programming Languages
+ Savidis, A.
== Interaction Techniques and Devices ==
Screen Readers
+ Asakawa, C.
+ Leporini, B.
Virtual Mouse and Keyboards for Text Entry
+ Evreinov, G.
Speech Input to Support Universal Access
+ Feng, J.
+ Sears, A.
Natural Language and Dialogue Interfaces
+ Jokinen, K.
Auditory Interfaces and Sonification
+ Nees, M. A.
+ Walker, B. N.
Haptic Interaction
+ Jansson, G.
+ Raisamo, R.
Vision-Based Hand Gesture Recognition for Human-Computer Interaction
+ Zabulis, X.
+ Baltzakis, H.
+ Argyros, A.
Automatic Hierarchical Scanning for Windows Applications
+ Ntoa, S.
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Eye Tracking
+ Majaranta, P.
+ Bates, R.
+ Donegan, M.
Brain-Body Interfaces
+ Gnanayutham, P.
+ George, J.
Sign Language in the Interface: Access for Deaf Signers
+ Huenerfauth, M.
+ Hanson, V. L.
Visible Language for Global Mobile Communication: A Case Study of a Design Project in Progress
+ Marcus, A.
Contributions of "Ambient" Multimodality to Universal Access
+ Carbonell, N.
== Application Domains ==
Vocal Interfaces in Supporting and Enhancing Accessibility in Digital Libraries
+ Catarci, T.
+ Kimani, S.
+ Dubinsky, Y.
+ Gabrielli, S.
Theories and Methods for Studying Online Communities for People with Disabilities and Older People
+ Pfeil, U.
+ Zaphiris, P.
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
+ Gross, T.
+ Fetter, M.
Developing Inclusive e-Training
+ Savidis, A.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Training through Entertainment for Learning Difficulties
+ Savidis, A.
+ Grammenos, D.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Universal Access to Multimedia Documents
+ Petrie, H.
+ Weber, G.
+ Völkel, T.
Interpersonal Communication
+ Waller, A.
Universal Access in Public Terminals: Information Kiosks and ATMs
+ Kouroupetroglou, G.
Intelligent Mobility and Transportation for All
+ Bekiaris, E.
+ Panou, M.
+ Gaitanidou, E.
+ Mourouzis, A.
+ Ringbauer, B.
Electronic Educational Books for Blind Students
+ Grammenos, D.
+ Savidis, A.
+ Georgalis, Y.
+ Bourdenas, T.
+ Stephanidis, C.
Mathematics and Accessibility: A Survey
+ Pontelli, E.
+ Karshmer, A. I.
+ Gupta, G.
Cybertherapy, Cyberpsychology, and the Use of Virtual Reality in Mental Health
+ Renaud, P.
+ Bouchard, S.
+ Chartier, S.
+ Bonin, M-P
== Nontechnological Issues ==
Policy and Legislation as a Framework of Accessibility
+ Kemppainen, E.
+ Kemp, J. D.
+ Yamada, H.
Standards and Guidelines
+ Vanderheiden, G. C.
eAccessibility Standardization
+ Engelen, J.
Management of Design for All
+ Bühler, C.
Security and Privacy for Universal Access
+ Maybury, M. T.
Best Practice in Design for All
+ Miesenberger, K.
== Looking to the Future ==
Implicit Interaction
+ Ferscha, A.
Ambient Intelligence
+ Streitz, N. A.
+ Privat, G.
Emerging Challenges
+ Stephanidis, C.
[13]
Innovations in Measuring Accessibility: Theoretical and Practical
Perspectives
/
Petrie, Helen
/
Power, Chris
/
Adams, Ray
/
Hwang, Faustina
/
Weber, Gerhard
/
Darzentas, Jenny
/
Velasco, Carlos A.
Proceedings of the HCI'08 Conference on People and Computers XXII
2008-09-01
v.2
p.197-198
© Copyright 2008 Author
Summary: Recently, there has been an increased awareness in the general public, in
government and in business that people with disabilities and older people have
distinct needs and preferences that must be met in order for them to
participate as equal members of environments incorporating information and
communications technologies. With this increased awareness has come legislation
and company policies stating the necessary provision of accessible systems for
disabled and older people in all facets of society.
In order for these policies to be properly implemented there is a need to
further understand accessibility and its impact on the people and systems
around us. This workshop will focus on exploring the concept of accessibility
and the boundaries of accessibility research. It is intended to bring together
individuals working in disparate fields of research to improve the definition
of accessibility and to refine our understanding of the as yet unaddressed
barriers in the information society such as the impact of mobile technology and
the aging population.
[14]
From Cultural to Individual Adaptive End-User Interfaces: Helping People
with Special Needs
Human-Computer Interaction and Usability for Elderly (HCI4AGING)
/
Heimgärtner, Rüdiger
/
Holzinger, Andreas
/
Adams, Ray
ICCHP'08: International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special
Needs
2008-07-09
p.82-89
Keywords: Intercultural Human-Computer Interaction; Cultural Adaptive Information
Systems; Special Needs; Individual Adaptability
© Copyright 2006 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Culture heavily influences human-computer interaction (HCI) since the
end-user is always within a cultural context. Cultural and informational
factors correlate to jointly influence the look and feel of interactive
systems, e.g. widget position or information density. Every single individual
also develops a specific culture (eating style, walking style etc.), i.e.
characteristics and behavior as well as attitudes and values. Consequently,
individual adaptability can be essential to cover individual needs of the
culturally but uniquely imprinted end-users with special needs e.g. reducing
the workload by recognizing and knowing the individual expectances of the
end-user. This improves usability and leads to shorter training and improves
universal access.
[15]
Accessibility Research in a Vocational Context
Part III: Understanding Diversity: Motor, Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities
/
Adams, Ray
/
Keates, Simeon
UAHCI 2007: 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human
Computer Interaction, Part I: Coping with Diversity
2007-07-22
v.1
p.575-583
Copyright © 2007 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Current experience shows that vocational context has a vital role to play in
research on inclusive information society technology, for at least four
reasons. First, the occurrence of disabilities has a major impact on
employability and employment. However, the potentially significant contribution
of accessible and usable information society technology (IST) in employment has
yet to make more than little difference in practice. Context of use is still
often ignored. In other words, to ensure that applications can achieve as broad
a customer base as possible, they are often designed for generic, rather than
specific, cases. While this enables those applications to support a wide
variety of use-case scenarios, the corollary is that not as much specific
support is afforded to individual use-case scenarios as when designed for a
more focused sets of tasks. Second, despite the impressive increases in
computing power, innovations in interactive design, such as 3-D user interfaces
(UIs), are rarely incorporated into mainstream IST products. One of the
fundamental principles taught to most software UI designers is that of
'consistency', i.e. that similar functions should look the same and behave in
similar ways across a variety of applications. The benefit of this approach is
that once a user is familiar with the interaction metaphors being used, it will
take minimal time to learn to use a new and unfamiliar application. The
flipside of this principle, though, is that it can stifle the development of
new and innovative UI techniques, because they will not be 'consistent' with
existing applications and UI designs. Greater emphasis upon the context of use
in general and the vocational, educational and lifestyle context in particular
could lead to better user uptake, as the resultant UI would be better suited to
the individual needs ands wants of each particular user. This better uptake, in
turn, gives better feedback to mainstream system designers. Third, without
context, the identification of user and system characteristics is an unbounded
problem. There are simply too many possible different design options to manage
easily. The consideration of vocational or recreational context significantly
reduces the scale of the problem and renders it more manageable. Fourth,
accessibility research in a vocational context ensures that the participants
not only gain indirectly from it but benefit directly too, often gaining an
improved vocational standing. If so, emerging design methods like unified user
interface design (UUID) methods should place much more concentration on the
vocational context of use.
[16]
User Modelling and Social Intelligence
Part III: Understanding Diversity: Motor, Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities
/
Adams, Ray
/
Gill, Satinder P.
UAHCI 2007: 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human
Computer Interaction, Part I: Coping with Diversity
2007-07-22
v.1
p.584-592
Copyright © 2007 Springer-Verlag
Summary: There is a growing body of evidence that key components of human cognition
can be used to identify important aspects of accessibility design for universal
access in the information society, through user modelling. However, there is an
equal growth in an appreciation of the contexts within which any interactive
system must function, including the vocational and social contexts. If so,
there is an important need is to extend cognitive user models to respond to and
make predictions about the vocational and social contexts that make up the
information society. Whilst many aspects of social intelligence can, it seems,
be subsumed under current cognitive architectures of the user, there is the
practical danger that the contribution of social intelligence may be
underestimated when considered as a subset of the knowledge domains or skills
sets of human cognition. To counter this practical development problem, the
concept of the social intelligence interface is introduced as a developmental
construct to inform the inclusive design process.
[17]
Creating Smart and Accessible Ubiquitous Knowledge Environments
Part I: Intelligent Ambients
/
Adams, Ray
/
Granic, Andrina
UAHCI 2007: 4th International Conference on Universal Access in
Human-Computer Interaction, Part II: Ambient Interaction
2007-07-22
v.2
p.3-12
Keywords: digital library; smart; accessible; usable; ubiquitous knowledge environment
Copyright © 2007 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Digital libraries offer substantial volumes of declarative knowledge to the
information society. This paper explores the extent to which current and future
digital libraries, also known as ubiquitous knowledge environments, can be made
sufficiently usable, accessible and smart to support an inclusive information
society and the aspiration of universal access. Using a range of converging
methods to evaluate a random sample of such digital library websites, it is
concluded that, whilst they act as substantial and functional repositories for
knowledge, there is potential to improve, particularly in accessibility and
smartness. The current methods are validated through the substantial
statistical significance levels and by the meaningful patterns found in the
resulting data. A new measure of system smartness is introduced and found to
provide a useful metric for present purposes, though it is clear that further
work will be needed.
[18]
User Modeling for Intelligent Interfaces in e-Learning
Part III: Learning and Entertainment
/
Adams, Ray
UAHCI 2007: 4th International Conference on Universal Access in
Human-Computer Interaction, Part III: Applications and Services
2007-07-22
v.3
p.473-480
Keywords: user modeling; intelligent interfaces; e-learning; tutoring systems
Copyright © 2007 Springer-Verlag
Summary: The emergence of the accessible knowledge society for all underlines the
need for all to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills for inclusion. One
way to do so is through e-learning, which itself should be accessible to all
intended users. The mere provision of knowledge systems is not enough, since
the need is for active and accessible learning that engages the participants
effectively. This study explores the hypotheses that the solution is to be
found in systems that: (i) support rather than replace the tutor, (ii) are
accessible to the intended populations of users, (iii) can be adapted to the
needs and individual characteristics of diverse users, (iv) are smart enough to
adapt in real time to changing user needs, (v) reflect best practice in
learning psychology, (vi) provide a high quality student experience, (vii)
provide a high quality tutor experience and (viii) use valid student modeling.
These hypotheses are evaluated through the five case studies. Accessibility and
student modeling turnout to be the weakest points. All the other features are
well represented in the case studies. None placed any kind of substantial
emphasis upon accessibility. Only one of the case studies (case study 2;
Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools) makes a substantial effort in user modeling,
being based upon the generic, cognitive model ACT. Even then, the focus tends
to be on the typical or average user and does not address the problems of user
diversity. Clearly, accessibility and user modeling need much more work in
e-learning.
[19]
Augmented Cognition, Universal Access and Social Intelligence in the
Information Society
Part II: Applications of Augmented Cognition
/
Adams, Ray
/
Gill, Satinder P.
FAC 2007: 3rd International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition
2007-07-22
p.231-240
Copyright © 2007 Springer-Verlag
Summary: The two concepts of universal access and augmented cognition have both
contributed significantly to providing the intended users of modern information
and communication technology with the necessary resources to achieve enhanced
interaction and performance. The two concepts share a number of important
features including; the improvement of user performance, the use of concepts
from cognitive psychology, a consideration of user modelling, a user sensitive
approach, support for customisation, personalisation, adaptation and adaptive
systems. They differentially emphasise; short term and long term demands,
ambient intelligence, ubiquitous computing, people with disabilities, the
Information Society and social skills. Since the present research programme
(CIRCUA) is focussed upon the design and evaluation of universally accessible
systems within a vocational context, the concepts of universal access and
augmented are both very relevant, though both need to draw more upon the
concept of social intelligence if they to tackle key issues of the Information
Society.
[20]
Cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems
Long Paper
/
Keates, Simeon
/
Adams, Ray
/
Bodine, Cathy
/
Czaja, Sara
/
Gordon, Wayne
/
Gregor, Peter
/
Hacker, Emily
/
Hanson, Vicki
/
Kemp, John
/
Laff, Mark
/
Lewis, Clayton
/
Pieper, Michael
/
Richards, John
/
Rose, David
/
Savidis, Anthony
/
Schultz, Greg
/
Snayd, Paul
/
Trewin, Shari
/
Varker, Philip
Universal Access in the Information Society
2007
v.5
n.4
p.329-339
Keywords: Cognitive impairment - Learning difficulties - Design - Cognitive models
© Copyright 2007 Springer
Summary: In October 2005, the IBM Human Ability and Accessibility Center and T.J.
Watson Research Center hosted a symposium on "cognitive and learning
difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems". The central premise of
the symposium was the recognition that cognitive and learning difficulties have
a profound impact on a person's ability to interact with information technology
(IT) systems, but that little support is currently being offered by those
systems. By bringing together internationally renowned experts from a variety
of different, but complementary, research fields, the symposium aimed to
provide a complete overview of the issues related to this topic. This paper
summarises the discussions and findings of the symposium.
[21]
Decision and stress: cognition and e-accessibility in the information
workplace
Long Paper
/
Adams, Ray
Universal Access in the Information Society
2007
v.5
n.4
p.363-379
Keywords: Cognition - Architecture - Models - e-Accessibility - Workplace - Overload -
Augmentation
© Copyright 2007 Springer
Summary: Cognitive abilities and disabilities are increasingly important in today's
information-based workplace, particularly in relation to the accessibility of
advanced information society technologies. As this paper discusses, new
technologies can create problems for human decision making, stress levels,
general cognition and e-accessibility. Yet it is not easy to identify possible
new e-accessibility solutions to these problems. This is where theories of
cognitive aspects of e-accessibility could be useful to generate solutions to
these problems of HCI in general and of accessibility in particular. The
purpose of this paper is to report a new generative theory (called Simplex 2),
provide validating evidence for it from two meta-analyses and demonstrate a
proof of concept through the application of Simplex to the solution of HCI
problems. Two qualitative meta-analyses are reported for two different samples
(N1 = 90 and N2 = 100) of relevant and contemporary conference
papers. Whilst a few more concepts were identified, only nine cognitive
concepts emerged from both analyses, validating the predictions of Simplex,
which is also used for cognitive user modeling. Given the sample sizes and the
successful replication, it is clear that these nine factors feature prominently
in current research and practice in universal access and inclusive design.
Further support for the value of this theory is found in a consideration of the
requirements of older adult users and from studies of cognitive overload and
augmentation. Uses of Simplex include the evaluation of existing systems,
assessment of user requirements, system development in combination with models
of task, context of use and technology platform and through the concepts of
cognitive augmentation and overload to identify future opportunities for new,
accessible, cognitive solutions. A proof of concept of Simplex is demonstrated
by the treatment of HCI accessibility problems and as a generative theory for
the development of new solutions.
[22]
Lessons from Ambient Intelligence Prototypes for Universal Access and the
User Experience
Part III: Inclusive Design and Evaluation
/
Adams, Ray
/
Russell, Clive
Proceedings of the 9th ERCIM Workshop on 'User Interfaces for All'
2006-09-27
p.229-243
Keywords: cognition - smart systems - prototypes - emotion
© Copyright 2006 Springer Verlag
Summary: A cognitive evaluation of a sample of first wave of ambient intelligent
prototypes was used to identify key implications for universal access in
ambient intelligence environments, using a simple model of cognitive factors
(Simplex Two). Emotional aspects of the user experience were the least well
developed. A study of user experience, with two intelligent prototypes, one
less intelligent and irritating showed a substantial impact of negative
emotions on user performance that was independent of age. Surprising,
performance changed significantly but ratings of perceived difficulty did not,
suggesting caution in their uses. Finally, a case study of the
user-participative development of a PDA for use with ambient intelligence
confirmed the importance of emotional factors in inclusive design. Clearly,
well structured and systematic methodologies (e.g. UUID) can consider the
users' emotional experience and inform the construction of ambient intelligence
prototypes and systems.
[23]
EDITED BOOK
Human-Centered Software Engineering -- Integrating Usability in the Software
Development Lifecycle
Human-Computer Interaction Series 8
/
Seffah, Ahmed
/
Gulliksen, Jan
/
Desmarais, Michel C.
2005
n.17
p.351
Springer Netherlands
DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4113-6
An Introduction to Human-Centered Software Engineering (3-14)
+ Seffah, Ahmed
+ Gulliksen, Jan
+ Desmarais, Michel C.
== Principles, Myths and Challenges ==
Key Principles for User-Centred Systems Design (17-36)
+ Gulliksen, Jan
+ Göransson, Bengt
+ Boivie, Inger
+ Persson, Jenny
+ Blomkvist, Stefan
+ et al
HCI, Usability and Software Engineering Integration: Present and Future (37-57)
+ Seffah, Ahmed
+ Desmarais, Michel C.
+ Metzker, Eduard
Surveying the Solitudes: An Investigation into the Relationships between Human Computer Interaction and Software Engineering in Practice (59-70)
+ Jerome, Bill
+ Kazman, Rick
Convergence or Competition between Software Engineering and Human Computer Interaction (71-84)
+ Sutcliffe, Allistair G.
== Requirements, Scenarios, and Use-cases ==
Experience with Using General Usability Scenarios on the Software Architecture of a Collaborative System (87-112)
+ Adams, Rob J.
+ Bass, Len
+ John, Bonnie E.
Linking User Needs and Use Case-Driven Requirements Engineering (113-125)
+ Kujala, Sari
Guiding Designers to the World of Usability: Determining Usability Requirements Through Teamwork (127-145)
+ Jokela, Timo
Transforming Usability Engineering Requirements into Software Engineering Specifications: From PUF to UML (147-169)
+ Carter, Jim A.
+ Liu, Jun
+ Schneider, Kevin
+ Fourney, David
== UCD, Unified and Agile Processes ==
Which, When and How Usability Techniques and Activities Should Be Integrated (173-200)
+ Ferre, Xavier
+ Juristo, Natalia
+ Moreno, Ana M.
Coping with Complexity (201-217)
+ Roberts, Dave
Towards a Model for Bridging Agile Development and User-Centered Design (219-244)
+ Blomkvist, Stefan
Ripple: An Event Driven Design Representation Framework for Integrating Usability and Software Engineering Life Cycles (245-265)
+ Pyla, Pardha S.
+ Pérez-Quiñones, Manuel A.
+ Arthur, James D.
+ Hartson, H. Rex
== UCD Knowledge and UI design Patterns ==
Integrating User-Centered Design Knowledge with Scenarios (269-286)
+ Haynes, Steven R.
+ Carroll, John M.
+ Rosson, Mary Beth
Patterns of Integration: Bringing User Centered Design into the Software Development Lifecycle (287-308)
+ Battle, Lisa
UI Design Patterns: Bridging Use Cases and UI Design (309-329)
+ Artim, John M.
UI Design Patterns: From Theory to Practice (331-351)
+ Wesson, Janet
+ Cowley, Lester
[24]
Bringing Usability Concerns to the Design of Software Architecture
Usability
/
John, Bonnie E.
/
Bass, Len
/
Sanchez-Segura, Maria-Isabel
/
Adams, Rob J.
2004 Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction
2004-07-11
p.1-19
© Copyright 2005 IFIP
Summary: Software architects have techniques to deal with many quality attributes
such as performance, reliability, and maintainability. Usability, however, has
traditionally been concerned primarily with presentation and not been a concern
of software architects beyond separating the user interface from the remainder
of the application. In this paper, we introduce usability-supporting
architectural patterns. Each pattern describes a usability concern that is not
supported by separation alone. For each concern, a usability-supporting
architectural pattern provides the forces from the characteristics of the task
and environment, the human, and the state of the software to motivate an
implementation independent solution cast in terms of the responsibilities that
must be fulfilled to satisfy the forces. Furthermore, each pattern includes a
sample solution implemented in the context of an overriding separation based
pattern such as J2EE Model View Controller.
[25]
Universal Access Through Client-Centred Cognitive Assessment and Personality
Profiling
Part I: Implementing User Diversity
/
Adams, Ray
Proceedings of the 8th ERCIM Workshop on 'User Interfaces for All'
2004-06-28
p.3
© Copyright 2004 Springer
Summary: The demand for universal access to information in the evolving Information
Society produces an inexorable move towards complex, powerful and interlinked
technological solutions. In this context, user requirements must be captured by
more powerful user models, based upon more advanced user centred methods.
Traditional HCI techniques may not work well in the new context of future and
emerging technologies. Earlier work [1] observed significant dissociations
between observed task performance and self report, raising profound and serious
problems for user modelling methods. This empirical paper evaluates three
different types of method used in user modelling; task performance, self-report
and the personality inventory. Four case studies with individuals with acquired
disabilities are reported here. The relationships between these three aspects
of the users profile (self report, task performance and the personality
inventory) are more complex than expected and provide different, sometimes
contradictory, perspectives of user needs. A potential explanatory framework is
offered briefly to guide future user modelling work. More importantly, any code
of practice for Universal Access must not rely on any one method alone but must
combine methods to minimise conceptual and practical errors. User profiles for
adaptive technology must also employ multiple methods, if such technology is to
be reliable in practice.
