| A Framework to Facilitate the Implementation of Technical Aspects of Web Accessibility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-13 | |
| Roberto Cícero de Oliveira; André Pimenta Freire; Débora Maria Barroso Paiva; Maria Istela Cagnin; Hana Rubinsztejn | |||
| The expansion of the internet has become apparent in recent years, both by
the number of users, and by the number of services available on the network.
Considering such an expansion it is essential that the content be accessible to
all people, regardless their abilities or different disabilities. Thus, it is
necessary that IT professionals dedicate time and effort in planning accessible
online solutions. In this paper, we proposed the Homero framework in order to
support the development of accessible interface layer of web applications.
Developed using the PHP language, the Homero framework automates the generation
of web pages in accordance with guidelines defined in Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. In order to provide evidence of the quality of web
applications generated using the framework, an empirical study was conducted.
The results showed the effectiveness of Homero to assist the development of
accessible web applications, achieving level AAA in automatically detectable
WCAG 2.0 success criteria. Keywords: Web Accessibility; Framework; Empirical Study; Web Interfaces; WCAG | |||
| Preserving Privacy -- More Than Reading a Message | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 14-25 | |
| Susanne Furman; Mary Theofanos | |||
| Social media has become a mainstream activity where people share all kinds
of personal and intimate details about their lives. These social networking
sites (SNS) allow users to conveniently authenticate to the third-party website
by using their SNS credentials, thus eliminating the need of creating and
remembering another username and password but at the same time agreeing to
share their personal information with the SNS site. Often this is accomplished
by presenting the user with a dialog box informing them that they will be
sharing information. We were interested in determining if SNS users
authenticating to a third-party website with their SNS credentials, were
reading the informational message and if changing the message format would
impact the choice to continue or cancel. Format type did not alter the
participant's choice to continue. Eye-tracking data suggests that the
participants who chose to continue read some of the words in the message. Keywords: Access to the Web; privacy; eye tracking; authentication | |||
| An Ergonomic Evaluation of the Adaptation of Polish Online Stores to the Needs of the Elderly | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 26-36 | |
| Krzysztof Hankiewicz; Marcin Butlewski; Wieslaw Grzybowski | |||
| Recently websites have been a key intermediary in the exchange of
information. The share of trade conducted based on online services transactions
is also dynamically growing. Among people using online services and
communicating this way, are now also the elderly. These are often people whose
first contact with these technologies occurred during adulthood. Many of
elderly people did not use a computer in their work, and their first contact
with the Internet has been during their retirement. In conclusion, the
currently operating focus in Poland on young online shoppers is faulty. With
the increasing proportion of elderly people in Polish society and the
dissemination of computer technology among them, the need for senior-friendly
online stores will grow. The choice of this form of purchase will be decided by
convenience, price, range of goods and delivery terms. However, the ultimate
determinants of whether elderly users will enjoy the benefits of online
shopping are the ergonomic features of services, particularly criteria such as:
security, ease of use, rule transparency and ascetic aesthetics. Keywords: elderly design; ergonomic evolution; usability; online shops for seniors | |||
| A Showcase for Accessible Online Banking | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 37-45 | |
| Sebastian Kelle; Christophe Strobbe; Gottfried Zimmermann | |||
| Online banking systems pose especially high requirements to web
architectures with particular respect to the end-user interface. Although the
number of online banking users is steadily increasing, they commonly face
"one-size-fits-all" user interfaces rather than personalized user interfaces
that are tailored to their individual needs and preferences. In this paper we
present a prototypical online banking demonstrator that is based on the Global
Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII), a new technical framework for the
development, identification and delivery of accessibility services, assistive
technologies and automatic personalization capabilities; and on the Universal
Remote Console (URC) technology, a framework for pluggable user interfaces. Keywords: Accessibility; Web accessibility; online banking; GPII; URC; URC Light | |||
| Using Eye Tracking to Understand the Impact of Cognitive Abilities on Search Tasks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 46-57 | |
| Efi A. Nisiforou; Eleni Michailidou; Andrew Laghos | |||
| Nowadays, there is an increase of studies that examine individuals'
cognitive characteristics in correlation to visual perception. The present
study investigated the association between cognitive abilities and Web page
complexity. Specifically, differences within simple, medium and complex Web
pages were observed among the field dependent, independent and mixed cognitive
groups via a task completion time with the use of the eye tracking technology.
The results showed that task completion time is significantly different in
medium and complex pages between the FD and FI users, while, in the simple
pages, no statistical differences appeared. Furthermore, it was supported that
users' FD-I cognitive construct style can be identified using innovative
techniques like eye tracking studies by analyzing users' scan path and heat
maps. Keywords: Field Dependent-Independent; cognitive abilities; visual complexity; ViCRAM
algorithm; eye tracking | |||
| Making Web Pages and Applications Accessible Automatically Using Browser Extensions and Apps | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 58-69 | |
| Ignacio Peinado; Manuel Ortega-Moral | |||
| Web accessibility depends on three factors: the semantics of the web
contents, the assistive technologies (ATs) and the capabilities of the web
browsers (Fernandes, Lopes, & Carriço, 2011). Moreover, the
widespread implementation of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) poses new
challenges for ensuring the equality of access to dynamic web content. This
paper presents the development of a solution that will automatically activate
the accessibility features and the available ATs in two web browsers that take
more than 50% of web browsers market share, and depending on the expressed
needs and preferences of the user. The two extensions presented will take
advantage of the infrastructures developed in CLOUD4all and APSIS4all in order
to inject CSS and JavaScript in any web pages, as well as activating
non-out-of-the-box ATs, and hence guaranteeing access to both static HTML pages
and Rich Internet Applications. Keywords: e-Accessibility; Web accessibility; ATs; adaptation of accessibility
features; CLOUD4all; APSIS4all | |||
| The German Web 2.0 Accessibility Survey | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 70-76 | |
| Michael Pieper | |||
| The German BIENE award (Barrierefreies Internet Eröffnet Neue
Einsichten / Accessible Internet Provides New Insights) happened to be a best
practice competition for accessible websites organized by the social
association "Aktion Mensch" and the endowment "Digitale Chancen". For the last
2010 competition 224 web pages have been checked for their barrier free
accessibility. Web applications that facilitate interactive sharing of user
generated content have been of particular importance. In this respect it soon
turned out, that Web 2.0 services cannot only be made accessible by applying
common design guidelines and ad-hoc adaptations. In addition to conventional
software ergonomic verification procedures, accessibility validation has to
rely on sociological reasoning about unique Web 2.0 entities and corresponding
usage obstacles. Empirically these considerations have been conceptualized by
an online survey amongst 671 respondents with all kinds of different
disabilities, carried out by "Aktion Mensch". Keywords: Accessibility; Usability; Human-Computer Interaction; Web 2.0 | |||
| Automated Accessibility Evaluation Software for Authenticated Environments | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 77-88 | |
| Elisa Maria Pivetta; Daniela Satomi Saito; Carla da Silva Flor; Vania Ribas Ulbricht; Tarcísio Vanzin | |||
| Web accessibility has been the subject of much discussion regarding the need
to make Web content accessible to all people, regardless of their abilities or
disabilities. While some testing techniques require human intervention,
accessibility can also be evaluated by automated tools. Automated evaluation
tools are software programs that examine the code of Web pages to determine if
they conform to a set of accessibility guidelines that are often based on the
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Version 2.0 (WCAG 2.0), developed by the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). In this context, the purpose of this study is
to analyze an automated software program for evaluating authenticated
environments and verify the usability of this tool, since automated systems
require precision and reliability in terms of both results and use in any type
of environment. With this in mind, this paper aimed at evaluating the ASES
software by means of a heuristic evaluation carried out by three experts. The
analysis revealed major accessibility problems, as well as improper functioning
of available tools and inconsistency of results. Furthermore, ASES was found to
have problems of efficiency, interaction, validity, and reliability in the
results presented. Considering that this is an open-source accessibility
testing tool that can be found on a government web site, the correction or
improvement of the system's deficiencies identified in this study is highly
recommended, as there is a lack of software available to evaluate authenticated
environments. Keywords: Automated evaluation tool; heuristic evaluation; usability | |||
| High-Literate and Low-Literate User Interaction: A Comparative Study Using Eyetracking in an Emergent Economy | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 89-100 | |
| Letícia Régis Di Maio; Ney Wagner Freitas Cavalcante; Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira; José Luiz dos Anjos Rosa; Aline Silva Alves | |||
| The information technology including, increasingly, the services offered to
citizens, this necessitates the development of web pages accessible to
everyone, regardless of education level. Whereas a significant portion of the
Brazilian population is within the low literacy profile, the objective of this
research was to analyze the different forms of navigation among users of high
and low literacy. Data were collected through user testing through eye
tracking. The experiences of interaction were performed from two tasks
initiated in the Google search engine and completed in two popular sites. At
the end, some suggestions were proposed interface improvements. Keywords: Accessibility; Low-Literate Users; Eyetracking; Interface | |||
| Accessibility Driven Design for Policy Argumentation Modelling | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 101-108 | |
| Dimitris Spiliotopoulos; Athanasios Dalianis; Georgios Kouroupetroglou | |||
| This paper discusses the design of a web interface for policy argumentation
modeling. Given the complexity of the interface the WAI-ARIA descriptions were
used to ensure that the data were accessible and the visual-heavy presentation
was simplified. Conclusions were drawn as to the usefulness of the WAI-ARIA
guidelines to an elaborate design of user interaction with highly dynamic
content. Keywords: web interface; policy modeling; WAI-ARIA; accessibility | |||
| Practical Eye Tracking of the Ecommerce Website User Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 109-118 | |
| Wilkey Wong; Mike Bartels; Nina Chrobot | |||
| Eye tracking is a productive tool in researching the user experience of
ecommerce websites. Because information throughout the online path to purchase
is communicated visually, gaze behavior is among the most effective and
informative means of testing the extent to which a given ecommerce site
facilitates a smooth transaction. The process of analysis typically involves
examining the characteristics and patterns of visual attention during the
online shopping process. Eye-tracking metrics are used in conjunction with
data-based visualizations and traditional usability techniques to answer a
variety of questions about the online shopping process. Principles of
appropriate design, execution and analysis of an ecommerce eye-tracking study
are discussed, along with relevant case examples. Keywords: eye tracking; ecommerce; usability; user experience; visual behavior
analysis; heat map | |||
| An Accessible CAPTCHA System for People with Visual Disability -- Generation of Human/Computer Distinguish Test with Documents on the Net | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 119-130 | |
| Michitomo Yamaguchi; Toru Nakata; Takeshi Okamoto; Hiroaki Kikuchi | |||
| We propose a new scheme of CAPTCHA that does not become a perceptual barrier
for disable people. Our CAPTCHA system generates the tests in verbal style, so
its use is not limited in specific perceptual channels. The tests are composed
of several phrases and there are two kinds of tests: Human users try to (1)
distinguish a phrase of strange meaning from others, and (2) identify the
common topic among them. In our test we utilize open documents for material.
Note that there is quite a large amount of documents on the net, so we can
generate brand-new tests every time. One may say that adversaries can look for
the phrases over the Internet and get several hints. Our system hides the
sources by substituting the consonants of the phrases against such an attack.
The mechanism is designed to imitate the phenomenon called "consonant
gradation" of natural languages. Keywords: universal design; aid for the visually-impaired; verbal interaction;
information security | |||
| City -- Mass Communication Space -- Access to Information in Relation to the Composition of the City | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 133-142 | |
| Agata Bonenberg | |||
| Streets and squares in the cities were created so that they could constitute
public space -- space of a social integration. Important social binding agent
is a common, direct access to information, ability of passing it on and
undertaking actions appropriate to its response. In an era of information
revolution, new information and communication technologies enriched social
contacts. Access to information no longer requires direct interpersonal contact
due to which the contact became less related to city space. The subject of the
article is the evolution of city space with relation to the access to
information. The contemporary closing of which is the phase of multimedia mass
communication and city spaces designed for information society. Keywords: City; mass-communication space; access to information; urban composition | |||
| Brand Visual Identity in Architecture | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 143-152 | |
| Wojciech Bonenberg | |||
| The article presents brand visual identity research results in architectural
designing. Architectural brand concept has been presented, the key visual
features of architectural forms building the brand have been discussed. The
method of creating the architectural brand visual model and the measurements of
the brand power in exemplary locations have been presented. The research is
aimed at answering the following questions: brand i.e. so that the brand is noticed and appreciated as a significant element of the city attractiveness? the ability to create competitive advantage of the location? Keywords: architecture; brand; visual identity | |||
| Technical Progress and Ergonomics in Contemporary Domestic Kitchen | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 153-162 | |
| Jerzy Charytonowicz; Dzoana Latala-Matysiak | |||
| Technical progress, thanks to which the contemporary kitchen achieved the
current shape, initiated changes going towards adapting the kitchen equipment
to widely understood needs of the user. The whole of current studies concerning
the ergonomics of the kitchen area in apartment is insufficient, it doesn't
fulfill contemporary designing requirements. Verifying and updating previous
research, supplementing them and presenting in the form of designing criteria
is essential. Taking into consideration all needs of contemporary family,
diverse by age, fitness and agility, it is necessary to provide optimal and
widely understood quality of kitchen area. Keywords: domestic kitchen; technical progress; ergonomics | |||
| A Virtual Dressing Room for People with Asperger's Syndrome | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 163-170 | |
| Line Gad Christiansen; Anthony Lewis Brooks; Eva Petersson Brooks; Torben Rosenørn | |||
| Using the Virtual Dressing Room (VDR) system, which is created as a research
project between different companies and universities in Denmark and funded by
the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation, a usability study has been
conducted with people with Asperger's Syndrome (AS), the initial aim was to
determine if the people with AS would use the VDR system and understood it, as
a second aim, the findings was used to determine a set of design goals. Seven
teenagers with AS participated in the study, in the age range from 15 to 17
years old. A questionnaire was used before the study, to determine the target
groups interests and how/if they purchase clothes. Through observations and
video recording of the usability study, a qualitative interaction analysis
provided a set of design goals to be used when designing for this target group.
The goals emphasized the importance of an easy accessible and consistent
solution with a limited amount of options and the importance of the user's own
preferences. Keywords: Asperger's Syndrome; Autism; Design Goals; Usability Study; Virtual Dressing
Room; Virtual Environment; Questionnaire | |||
| MoviBed -- Sleep Analysis Using Capacitive Sensors | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 171-181 | |
| Maxim Djakow; Andreas Braun; Alexander Marinc | |||
| Sleep disorders are a wide-spread phenomenon that can gravely affect
personal health and well-being. An individual sleep analysis is a first step in
identifying unusual sleeping patterns and providing suitable means for further
therapy and preventing escalation of symptoms. Typically such an analysis is an
intrusive method and requires the user to stay in a sleep laboratory. In this
work we present a method for detecting sleep patterns based on invisibly
installed capacitive proximity sensors integrated into the bed frame. These
sensors work with weak electric fields and do not disturb sleep. Using the
movements of the sleeping person we are able to provide a continuous analysis
of different sleep phases. The method was tested in a prototypical setup over
multiple nights. Keywords: Capacitive proximity sensor; sleep analysis; smart furniture | |||
| Contribution of Augmented Reality Solutions to Assist Visually Impaired People in Their Mobility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 182-191 | |
| Benoît Froissard; Hubert Konik; Alain Trémeau; Éric Dinet | |||
| The study is dedicated to analyze opportunities of augmented reality eyewear
solutions for visually impaired people in a context of mobility. In order to
perfectly understand the needs of low vision individuals, their expectation
towards visual aids, and to clearly define crucial requirements, an
experimental study has been carried out in a re-adaptation clinic. 58 patients
with different visual pathologies have been carefully selected by vision-care
professionals. During experiments and interviews, professional techniques
developed for teaching patients to efficiently use their visual residual
capabilities have been analyzed. One of the main objectives was to show the
usefulness and the importance to put in the loop all actors to be able to
derive relevant knowledge essential to success in the design and in the
development of new visual aids dedicated to facilitate mobility of low vision
people. The first results are encouraging and they tend to demonstrate the
interest to use embedded augmented reality systems in order to propose helpful
solutions easily adaptable to the specificities of the different visual
troubles affecting mobility. Keywords: Visual impairment; augmented reality; virtual reality; eyewear; residual
capability; handicap compensation; optometry; mobility aids | |||
| The Evolution of Public Hygiene and Sanitary Facilities in the Context of Urbanization Processes and Social Conditions | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 192-203 | |
| Anna Jaglarz | |||
| The evolution of public places and facilities for personal hygiene is
directly related to the history of urbanization and to people awareness of
public health and its relationship to sanitation. Throughout history, this
awareness has varied extremely both between cultures and periods and produced
widely disparate responses in spite of virtually identical needs. Availability
of technology, variable over the centuries, was dependent on the social and
cultural requirements of the times. On the one hand, the new technologies
developed in order to meet the growing needs, on the other technological
achievements were ignored and not used by years. An example can be a legacy and
the inheritance from civilizations such as the Cretans and Romans who
accomplished amazingly great feat as regard engineering and the production of
hygienic and sanitary facilities, with supplying the warm and cold running
water, flushing systems, steam rooms and a lack of such appliances centuries
later, when because of the civilization development the basic technology would
seem to be far more advanced. It is possible to say that the form of hygienic
and sanitary environment of man has always been reflecting the social and
economic aspects, which are a consequence of widely understood, changeable,
both individual and social needs, and of the cultural and technical progress of
civilizations resulting from them. Experiences and achievements of previous
generations are a base of the contemporary model of the societies life.
Understanding and analysis of the contemporary needs related to public hygiene
and sanitary area and possibilities of its shaping should be based on an
analysis of earlier experiences in this field. Keywords: public health; public hygiene; public bathing; hygienic practices; public
hygienic-sanitary facilities; public bath; public toilet; public restroom;
public bathrooms design; development of public hygienic-sanitary spaces;
history of urbanization | |||
| Tradition and Innovation in Architectural Education | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 204-214 | |
| Nina Juzwa; Katarzyna Ujma-Wasowicz | |||
| The presentation is devoted to the problem of introducing computers into the
educational process during the last semester of architectural studies for a
master's degree. Non-linear structures become almost the principle of design
through modifying the traditional, orthogonal image of architecture. Students
are open to the creation of concepts which modify the traditional orthogonal
spatial system of architecture.
The two-level system of teaching at the course of graduate studies results in students with varying degree of preparation being admitted. This fact in conjunction with large exercise groups and a relatively short time allocated for the project require methodical preparation of the classes. The shaping of the future form of an object can be presented using a freehand sketch, mock-ups or computer models. These tools correspond to the subsequent three phases of the development of the project: exploration of ideas and the context of the environment, working out variants for decisions on functional solutions, spatial and aesthetic concretization of design solutions. In the opinion of the authors of the paper extending the discussion in the first two phases of the teaching process, that take place without the use of computer drawing, leads to a higher originality of the solutions and to an increased efficiency in their preparation. The above thoughts, supported by examples, are the subject of this presentation. Keywords: architectural design; teaching in architecture; sketch; mock-up; computer
model; idea; concept; dialog in architecture | |||
| Specch.io: A Personal QS Mirror for Life Patterns Discovery and "Self" Reshaping | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 215-226 | |
| Alessandro Marcengo; Luca Buriano; Marina Geymonat | |||
| This paper describes the process that led to the design of the Specch.io
framework. Specch.io is a platform for seamless data collection, mash-up,
visualization and exploration of personal data. The project is part of an
internal research track focused on the usage of technology to promote and
foster individual well-being from a biopsychosocial (BPS) perspective. The
objective of Specch.io, is to reveal and raise awareness on individual life
patterns, generating integration and meaning about aspects of the "self" that
can hardly be captured from a subjective point of view. Keywords: Quantified Self; Personal Informatics; Self-Ethnography;
Self-Experimentation; Life-logging; Ubiquitous Computing; Human-Computer
Interaction; Info visualization | |||
| Analysis of Natural Lighting with Regard to Design of Sustainable Office Buildings in Poland | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 227-236 | |
| Dariusz Masly; Michal Sitek | |||
| The study was a part of a larger research project which was devoted to
simulation-based design analysis for daylit office spaces in Southern Poland.
The paper consists of two main parts. The influence of various facade systems,
light-shelves and fixed shading systems on daylight factor in the analysed
office space is presented in the first part. These introductory analyses
allowed to identify the optimal facade for an office building. The second part
of the project included the comprehensive analysis of selected best performing
architectural solutions. These analysis examined how lighting conditions were
changing during typical time of an office work throughout the year. Illuminance
levels and visual comfort were analysed. New issues like the performance of
external retractable venetian blinds were added. This paper also investigates
how state of the art simulation technology can be used to integrate natural
lighting design strategies into the early stages of architectural design
process. Keywords: natural lighting design strategies; daylight analysis; sustainable office
buildings; indoor environment quality | |||
| Induction Machine Faults Leading to Occupational Accidents | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 237-245 | |
| Beata Mrugalska | |||
| In order to obtain high performance and safety degree in machine operation
it is necessary to identify potential machine faults. Such faults may have an
effect on the machine itself but may also lead to accidents at work. Thus, the
activities aiming at the identification of the relation between the failure
causes and their effects seem to be necessary to be undertaken. With this
purpose, the first part of the paper concerns the analysis of machine faults.
In order to achieve it, induction machines are chosen and are widely discussed.
In the next part of it the issues of occupational risk are presented, in
particularly statistical data about accidents at work in Polish enterprises. It
allows to determine the problem of faults and their influence on workers'
safety in industrial environment. Keywords: induction machine; occupational accident; machine fault | |||
| The Controversy between the Human Factors and Ergonomics Demands and the Current Designing Rules of Contemporary Stadiums | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 246-256 | |
| Zdzislaw Pelczarski | |||
| The research concerns determining factors of the development of
architectural form of modern stadiums and leads to conclusion that the size and
shape of the field of game, which is the field of observation, is derivative of
the game rules, with no any regard to the factors defining visual comfort of
spectators. These game rules, having been invented over one hundred years ago,
had not account for the entertaining character of the action on the pitch, nor
for the need of co-existence between the field and huge spectator stands.
The interiors of future stadiums should be shaped considering correct relationship between the needs of spectators and arena. The appropriate standards of the visibility, adjusted to anatomical features of human eye perception, should have the supreme priority in these relationships, consequently causing, as an outcome of these corrected standards, changes in the shape and size of the arena. Keywords: human factors; ergonomics; contemporary stadium; designing | |||
| Living without Boundaries: A Brazilian Observatory | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 257-266 | |
| Alexandra Pereira-Klen; Edmilson Rampazzo Klen; Tatiana Capitanio; Filippe Barros | |||
| This paper introduces the project: "Human Diversity: a lens on the Program
Living without Boundaries". The project "Human Diversity", financed by the
Brazilian Social Development Ministry, puts the "Design for All lens" on the
Program in order to conduct studies and research with the aim to support the
assessment as well as to help conducting and indicating adjustments to improve
the Program's implementation. In this work the focus is put on the tools,
techniques and approaches that are being used to build up the "Brazilian
Accessibility Observatory". Keywords: Universal Design; Brazilian National Plan; Accessibility Observatory | |||
| Impact of New Design Techniques on Environmental Orientation of Architectural Form-Finding | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 267-278 | |
| Romuald Tarczewski | |||
| The paper presents problems related with influence of new techniques of
building modeling on creation of architectural form. Short historical context
is presented, which allows reader to became familiar with some oldest issues
related to the exchange of information in the investment process. It is
followed by study of architect-structural engineer relations and changes caused
by new paradigms of aesthetics, referred to as "free-form design". Keywords: free-form modeling; organic forms; spatial structures; shell and spongy
structures; 3D modeling | |||
| Kitsch in Architecture -- Contemporary Polish Hotels | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 279-290 | |
| Elzbieta Trocka-Leszczynska; Joanna Jablonska | |||
| Kitsch has become embedded in the landscape of Polish cities and villages
and is especially well represented in the architecture of hotels. It portrays
society's relentless yearning for the wealth and tradition of extensive
old-style mansions combined with economical building materials, restrictions of
computer aided design and the desire to pander to mass tastes. In effect, there
are produced over-scaled, not ergonomic, cheap accommodation facilities, filled
with plastic and gypsum ornaments, which are unfamiliar to local culture.
Drawing on a number of case studies this paper investigates the causes of
kitsch manifestation and its effect on the surroundings and proposes methods of
protecting the urban and rural landscape from devastation. Keywords: Design for Quality of Life Technologies; kitsch in architecture; context
design; computer aided design | |||
| Day-Lighting and Sun Protection in Hospital Facilities -- Assessment of the Used Solutions | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 291-302 | |
| Joanna Tymkiewicz; Magdalena Jamrozik-Szatanek | |||
| The paper is a recapitulation of research into hospital buildings, focused
on defining the advantages and disadvantages of the applied sun-protection
systems and indication of the types of benchmark solutions. Proper selection of
sun-protection systems in health care units is very important, because it
contributes to creating the conditions of day lighting and their impact on
patients' physiology. Moreover, sun protection systems influence the
architecture of buildings -- their external image and aesthetics of the
interiors, ergonomics of rooms, providing comfort for the main groups of users:
patients and medical staff, and contributing to energy-efficiency of buildings.
The scope of the presentation is to draw particular attention to the complexity
of this issue from users' perspective. Keywords: day-lighting; hospital; sun protection; sun blinds | |||
| Notheime -- Ergonomically Designed Crisis Houses of the Building Cooperative "Schlesische Heimstätte" | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 303-313 | |
| Jadwiga Urbanik | |||
| In Germany after World War I in years 1918-1923 inflation was a decisive
negative economic factor. Since 1923 the inflation process started to increase
suddenly. Since July 1923 German currency lost its function of means of
payment. Cash was changed into valuables as quickly as possible. Economic
development was totally crippled.
In Wroclaw need for flats was enormous. It was much bigger than in other German cities. In June 1919 building cooperative "Schlesische Heimstätte", provinzielle Wohnungsfürsorgegesellschaft m.b.H (Silesian Homestead, provincial company supporting housing construction, Ltd.), was founded in Wroclaw as part of Prussian housing act. It acted under the aegis of Ministry of Social Care. In the first years after WWI, at the time of great postwar crisis, Ernst May -- a young architect beginning his career, was appointed as a manager of "Schlesische Heimstätte". The company was to supply people of modest means with healthy and properly furnished flats at low prices. In the first half of the twenties so called crises houses (Notheime) were proposed. The propositions of the smallest houses were introduced in 1919-1920. They were dwelling summer houses with a room, small barn and toilet. They were to be enlarged or replaced with new buildings after the economic situation would have improved. Because of the lack of building materials after WWI, building cooperatives used substitute materials. Traditional natural materials were recommended in all designs -- walls built from bricks and plastered, wooden truss and roof covered with tile. In order to find cheap solutions old local building materials were used. Walls could be built from dried clay blocks, limestone, calcareous slag or wood. Shingled or even thatched roof houses were suggested. A lot of attention was paid for economically and ergonomically designed layout of crises houses. They were to solve the enormous dwelling problems in Wroclaw and Silesia. Keywords: interwar period; "Schlesische Heimstätte"; dwelling houses; crisis
houses; Notheime | |||
| Ergonomic Solutions of Facilities and Laboratory Work-Stands at Universities | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 314-321 | |
| Dorota Winnicka-Jaslowska | |||
| The scope of the paper is the design of laboratories in consideration of
modern technologies and modern manners of work: ways of shaping and arranging
laboratory facilities, depending on the equipment and process technology.
Following the introduction, the functional and spatial programming process of
laboratory stands at the Faculty of Bio-Medical Engineering, Silesian
University of Technology, devised by the author of this paper will be
discussed. Keywords: laboratory work-stand; universities; ergonomic solutions | |||
| PGA: Preferences for Global Access | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 325-336 | |
| Richard Schwerdtfeger; Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Jutta Treviranus; Colin Clark; Jess Mitchell; Lisa Petrides; Lisa McLaughlin; Cynthia Jimes; Jim Tobias; Sheri Trewin; Michelle Brennan | |||
| This paper highlights the research for year one of the Preferences for
Global Access (PGA) project whose long term goal is to define a cross-platform
preference acquisition system to acquire a user's needs and preferences for
accessing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as part of a
cloud-based Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII). Keywords: accessibility; cloud GPII; inclusive | |||
| Federated Databases and Supported Decision Making | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 337-347 | |
| Denis Anson; Yao Ding | |||
| Currently, information required to make informed choices of appropriate
assistive technology products is scattered among broad, general-purpose
databases and narrow, focused databases. The vocabulary used to describe
features has not been standardized, and can be very hard to interpret by
end-users of assistive technology. The described project will create a
federated Unified Listing of assistive technologies for information and
communication technologies, and develop a Shopping Aid, using information
provided by the individual to filter products and services from the Unified
Listing to those that are relevant to the individual. By examining needs
information across users, the Shopping Aid will be able to suggest additional
needs that are common among people like the user, and to make recommendations
for upgrading choices when the probably benefit exceeds the individual's cost
of change. Keywords: GPII; Supported Decision Making; Federated Database; Shopping Aid | |||
| Common Terms Registry | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 348-357 | |
| Tony Atkins; Gregg C. Vanderheiden | |||
| This paper will focus on the rationale behind and the work to date on the
Common Terms Registry, a database that improves the ability to articulate
Assistive Technology needs and solutions by providing a common vocabulary of
clearly defined terms. Keywords: assistive technologies | |||
| Evaluating the Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure: Cloud4all Evaluation Framework | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 358-367 | |
| Eleni Chalkia; Juan Bautista Montalva Colomer; Silvia de los Rios Perez; Ivan Carmona Rojo | |||
| Moving rapidly into digital economy expands the need for accessibility
coming from the growing number of people with disabilities, in various
contexts. Additionally, ubiquitous computing has amplified the need for
interactive systems to be able to adapt to their context of use, enhancing
their utility while preserving usability. Cloud4all project [0] aims to develop
a complete new paradigm in accessibility, by replacing adaptation of individual
products and services, with auto-configuration of any mainstream product or
service, using cloud technologies to activate and augment any natural
accessibility the product or service has, based upon a set of the user's Needs
& Preferences (N&Ps). In order to assess this goal, Cloud4all has
developed an evaluation framework, as part of the User Centred Design (UCD)
iterative process. This paper provides an overview of the 1st pilots'
evaluation framework, together with ideas and plans about the general framework
of the pilot test. Keywords: Accessibility; evaluation framework; auto-configuration; scenario;
usability; user experience; Cloud4all | |||
| Enabling Architecture: How the GPII Supports Inclusive Software Development | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 368-377 | |
| Colin Clark; Antranig Basman; Simon Bates; Kasper Galschiøt Markus | |||
| The Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure is an international effort to
build tools, components, services and a sustainable community to support
personalized digital inclusion[1]. The GPII is building the critical
infrastructure needed by developers to produce the next generation of low-cost
assistive technology and highly flexible applications that can adapt to the
needs and preferences of individuals across web, desktop, and mobile platforms.
To deliver on these ambitious goals, the GPII architecture team has created an evolving suite of development tools, idioms, and resources to support the creation of an inclusive infrastructure. Keywords: Accessibility; inclusive design; GPII; development tools; assistive
technology; JavaScript; Node.js; Inversion of Control | |||
| Federating Databases of Assistive Technology Products: Latest Advancements of the European Assistive Technology Information Network | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 378-389 | |
| Valerio Gower; Renzo Andrich; Andrea Agnoletto | |||
| Detailed information on the Assistive Technology (AT) Products available on
the market is of paramount importance for many different stakeholders: people
with disabilities and their family members, AT professionals,
manufacturers/suppliers of AT products, researcher and developer, and policy
makers. Since 2005 the organizations responsible for the major European AT
information systems have joined together to create the European Assistive
Technology Information Network (EASTIN). The core of the EASTIN network is the
web portal www.eastin.eu that provides, in all the EU official languages,
information on AT products and related material. In the last few years the
EASTIN association promoted a series of projects aimed at improving the web
portal and expanding the network to cover all the EU countries. This paper
describes the main results of such projects. Keywords: Assistive Technology information systems; Database Federation | |||
| The GPII on Desktops in PCs OSs: Windows and GNOME | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 390-400 | |
| Javier Hernández Antúnez; Colin Clark; Kasper Markus | |||
| Since The Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure [1] aims to become an
international standard, one of the biggest challenge of the GPII project is to
support the many Operating Systems that are running in our Personal Computers.
Nowadays, we make an extensive use of personal computers -- both laptops and
desktops -- and their Operating Systems in a lot of circumstances, and as a
result of this, we can say that a lot of people could have difficulties when
they start using a new computer. Add to this the diversity of different
software applications that people use and their many different restrictions of
use, and the problem becomes bigger when a person needs some Assistive
Technology [2] to use a computer efficiently. As part of the Cloud4all project,
the implementation of the GPII on PC OSs is taking place to address these
problems. By having a first version of this implementation, the GPII is ready
to help the users to solve their problems when using a new PC's OS for the
first time. Keywords: Accessibility; Internet Access; Health; Social inclusion; Cloud | |||
| Amara: A Sustainable, Global Solution for Accessibility, Powered by Communities of Volunteers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 401-411 | |
| Dean Jansen; Aleli Alcala; Francisco Guzman | |||
| In this paper, we present the main features of the Amara project, and its
impact on the accessibility landscape with the use of innovative technology. We
also show the effectiveness of volunteer communities in addressing large
subtitling and translation tasks, that accompany the ever-growing amounts of
online video content. Furthermore, we present two different applications for
the platform. First, we examine the growing interest of organizations to build
their own subtitling communities. Second, we present how the
community-generated material can be used to advance the state-of-the-art of
research in fields such as Statistical Machine Translation with focus on
educational translation. We provide examples on how both tasks can be achieved
successfully. Keywords: Amara; online platform; user engagement; subtitles; translation;
crowdsourcing; volunteer communities; lecture translation; statistical machine
translation | |||
| AT and GPII: Maavis | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 412-420 | |
| Steve Lee; Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Amrish Chourasia | |||
| Maavis is a computer framework that provides an extremely simple way to
perform common place computer activities like playing media, viewing photos,
accessing web information and making video calls. It is ideal for use with a
touch screen. A fundamental principal is that it does not appear to be a
computer and yet affords access to computer technology that is of benefit and
interest to older users, especially those with age related mental health
issues. It also has applications for people with learning difficulties or
physical disabilities, or even simple kiosk interfaces as it is designed to
work best with a touch screen. Integration of Maavis with the GPII has
undergone successful validation tests and further development work is ongoing. Keywords: Accessibility; touch screen; learning disabilities; aging; dementia | |||
| Cloud4all: Scope, Evolution and Challenges | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 421-430 | |
| Manuel Ortega-Moral; Ignacio Peinado; Gregg C. Vanderheiden | |||
| There are currently important barriers that hinder the access to ICT,
especially for the elderly and people with disability. This paper presents the
approach adopted by the Cloud4all Consortium to create the technical core of
the Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII). The GPII aims at producing a
real impact on achieving global access to ICT. Already in the second half of
the project, the current status of developments and main outcomes are presented
together with the key components of the architecture. Cloud4all is compared to
other approaches to the same problem, defining the scope of the project and
unveiling the upcoming new challenges as a result of the research. Keywords: Cloud4all; Auto-Personalisation from preferences; cloud; accessibility;
personalisation; GPII; context-awareness; matchmaking | |||
| Requirements for the Successful Market Adoption of Adaptive User Interfaces for Accessibility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 431-442 | |
| Matthias Peissner; Andreas Schuller; Daniel Ziegler; Christian Knecht; Gottfried Zimmermann | |||
| The concept of adaptive user interfaces is a promising solution for
providing users with a wide range of individual needs with accessible
technology. Developers only have to implement one generic solution to offer a
multitude of individually optimised concrete user interfaces. Whereas a lot of
technical functionalities and characteristics of adaptive user interfaces are
already solved, there is still no widespread market adoption of adaptive UI
technologies. This paper presents a collection of requirements for adaptive
user interface systems that can enable widespread market adoption. Furthermore
it identifies strategies and individual answers, how these requirements can be
addressed and met in future systems building on the Prosperity4all approach. It
gives a comparison of existing research solutions and how they compare with the
stated requirements. Keywords: Adaptive user interface; adaptive systems; accessibility; user
characteristics; market adoption; requirements | |||
| Prosperity4All -- Setting the Stage for a Paradigm Shift in eInclusion | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 443-452 | |
| Matthias Peissner; Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Jutta Treviranus; Gianna Tsakou | |||
| This paper provides an overview of the recently started Prosperity4All
project. Prosperity4all aims at a paradigm shift in eInclusion. It focuses on
developing the infrastructure to allow a new ecosystem to grow; one that is
based on self-rewarding collaboration, that can reduce redundant development,
lower costs, increase market reach and penetration internationally, and create
the robust cross-platform spectrum of mainstream and assistive technology based
access solutions required. This will be done through a process based on true
value propositions for all stakeholders and resulting in a system that can
profitably serve markets as small as one, at a personally and societally
affordable cost. Keywords: Accessibility; ecosystem | |||
| Prosperity4All -- Designing a Multi-Stakeholder Network for Economic Inclusion | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 453-461 | |
| Jutta Treviranus; Colin Clark; Jess Mitchell; Gregg C. Vanderheiden | |||
| People with disabilities are disproportionately affected by systemic global
economic problems such as digital exclusion, income disparity, unemployment and
poverty. The Prosperity4all project, an international consortium supported in
part by the European Union FP7 program, is seeking to address the economic
exclusion of consumers and producers at the margins, including people with
disabilities. This article discusses the economic or business design models
being considered in this emerging initiative. Like the work that the platform
supports, the platform itself must be designed for diversity. Keywords: inclusive design; value chains; user experience; accessibility | |||
| A Novel Infrastructure Facilitating Access to, Charging, Ordering and Funding of Assistive Services | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 462-473 | |
| Gianna Tsakou; Helen C. Leligou; Nikos Katevas | |||
| Given that, nowadays, access to ICT is required for almost any kind of
education, employment and commerce form, and is increasingly required for
travel, it is mandatory to focus on integrating groups of users with any type
of disability at a personally and societally affordable cost. In this paper, we
outline an ICT-enabled novel infrastructure that significantly facilitates user
access to a large set of specialised assistive services and enables small ICT
players (e.g. web entrepreneurs) to develop novel services "on user/user group
demand" supported by crowd funding. Our vision is to create an infrastructure
that can move ideas more quickly from conception to market and consumer
availability, that can be more efficient by being better targeted to user
needs, that can move users closer to researchers and developers to ensure that
the full range of needs are better addressed and that can reduce both the
development and operation cost of assistive services. The system we propose
consists of the Assistance on Demand (AoD) service infrastructure which aims to
be a gateway for accessing on demand diverse types of human and machine-based
assistive services. This AoD is accompanied by a flexible payment
infrastructure that aims at enabling, for all relevant stakeholders (end users,
service providers, etc.), the easy, flexible and reliable handling of multiple
bills for different services, while at the same time supporting crowd-funding,
as necessary, for user-driven assistive technology (AT) or service development.
In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art technologies and approaches that
will serve as the basis for the design and development of the AoD and payment
infrastructures and then we discuss the requirements that these intertwined
systems have to fulfill and draw high-level design directions. Keywords: Service platform; Assistance on Demand; micro-payments; service description
and ranking; non-functional ranking; crowd-funding | |||
| Prosperity as a Model for Next-Generation Accessibility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 474-482 | |
| Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Jutta Treviranus; Colin Clark; Matthias Peissner; Gianna Tsakou | |||
| We propose a multisided platform approach that is user-based but seeks to
provide an infrastructure that supports all stakeholders, making it easier for
vendors to design, market and support access features, products, and services
and that makes it easier for consumers to find, secure, and use access
features, products and services, individually or mixed, on any device they
encounter. The system is designed to support use by both mainstream and
assistive technology developers and to draw new people into the ecosystem in
new roles including developers as resources and users and clinicians as
developers. Central to this latter role is a developer space that provides rich
resources in the form of tools, component, frameworks, service infrastructures,
guidelines, how-to's, mentors, testers, and marketing aids to help both
experienced and new developers enter the market and to broaden the range of
people contributing to include both non-disability-related
researchers/developers and less technical consumers and professionals. Keywords: Accessibility; inclusive design; personalization; GPII; infrastructure | |||
| Rehabilitation Engineering and Research Center on Universal Interface and Information Technology Access | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 483-493 | |
| Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Amrish Chourasia; Yao Ding; Jim Tobias; Denis Anson | |||
| The incidence of disability is increasing. As we move to a more digital
world, people with disabilities, older people, and those with literacy and
digital literacy problems face the prospect of losing out due to lack of access
to information and communication technology. The rehabilitation engineering
research center (RERC) on universal interface and information technology access
seeks to promote a new approach to accessibility. This approach involves
creating a new infrastructure for the development and delivery of AT and
built-in access features. This effort is known as the Global Public Inclusive
Infrastructure (GPII). This RERC will move the idea of GPII from laboratory
prototypes to real-world implementation. A library GPII system and a
cloud-based decision support tool for assistive technology selection are
currently under development. The RERC will also support technology transfer and
development of standards to promote accessibility. Keywords: Accessibility; Information and communication technology; Cloud; Library;
Decision Support; Technology Transfer | |||
| The Library GPII System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 494-505 | |
| Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Amrish Chourasia; Jim Tobias; Steve Githens | |||
| This paper describes the library GPII system (LGS), the first real-world
implementation of the GPII (Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure) system. The
GPII aims to utilize cloud computing to create the infrastructure to provide
affordable assistive services whenever and wherever a user demands them. The
interactions of the different stakeholders in the library ecosystem present
various challenges to implement such a system. These stakeholders include the
library patrons, library staff, government, publishers, software developers and
vendors. The development of the LGS will happen in three phases: needs
analysis, development and empirical evaluation. Libraries of various sizes and
resources will be involved in the development and evaluation of the LGS. We are
currently in the first phase and the results of our stakeholder analysis work
to-date are presented. Keywords: Personalization; GPII; library; assistive technology | |||
| Creating a Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII) | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 506-515 | |
| Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Jutta Treviranus; Manuel Ortega-Moral; Matthias Peissner; Eva de Lera | |||
| The current accessibility ecosystem that develops and delivers both
assistive technologies and access features in mainstream technologies is not
able to keep up, provide the diversity of solutions needed, nor reach more that
a small portion of those who need them. To address this a large scale effort
was proposed to provide an infrastructure that would allow the ecosystem to
evolve into a quite different and purportedly more effective and efficient
ecosystem. This paper describes the infrastructure, reports on the progress in
securing funding and implementing the various components of the infrastructure.
A roadmap for the implementation and a timeline are provided along with a
discussion of the major challenges going forward. Keywords: Accessibility; Digital Literacy; Literacy; Ageing; Cloud Computing; GPII | |||
| The GPII Unified Listing | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 516-525 | |
| Gregg C. Vanderheiden; Valerio Gower; Amrish Chourasia | |||
| Individuals with disabilities are often unable to find assistive technology
that meets their needs. While different databases of assistive technologies
currently exist, individuals with disabilities are not aware of all of them and
unable to take advantage of them. The Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure
(GPII) Unified Listing's objectives are 1) to create a single unified listing,
that covers not only assistive technologies that relate to accessing ICT but
also includes access features built directly in to main-stream ICT as well. 2)
to create an open marketplace of accessible and personalizable solutions. The
unified listing will be bidirectionally federated with databases such as
EASTIN. Development of a method to harmonize and federate the data contained in
the different databases is complete and work is underway to create a mechanism
to extract information relevant to ICT access from the federated data. Keywords: Federated databases; EASTIN; accessibility; assistive technologies; access
technologies | |||
| Accessibility Evaluation of an Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) Tool | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 529-540 | |
| Sandra Baldassarri; Javier Marco; Eva Cerezo; Lourdes Moreno | |||
| People with communication needs use Assistive Technology (AT) to participate
in society, be at the family, school among others. There is a variety of
different Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) devices due to
end-users have different communication needs. AraBoard is an AAC tool developed
with the aim to facilitate the functional communication to people with complex
communication needs. In this paper, AraBoard tool is presented. In order to
ensure the quality of the tool, an accessibility evaluation has been carried
out. Following a methodical approach, two main steps have been followed in the
evaluation process: (1) Two lists of checkpoints have been developed based on
the study and analysis of accessibility standards and related work in the
domain of AAC; (2) An evaluation using these resources has been conducted by
accessibility experts. The results from the study indicate a high level of
accessibility in AraBoard tool, besides some suggestions about new requirements
to integrate in the tool have been obtained. Keywords: Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC); accessibility; expert
evaluation | |||
| Four Data Visualization Heuristics to Facilitate Reflection in Personal Informatics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 541-552 | |
| Andrea Cuttone; Michael Kai Petersen; Jakob Eg Larsen | |||
| In this paper we discuss how to facilitate the process of reflection in
Personal Informatics and Quantified Self systems through interactive data
visualizations. Four heuristics for the design and evaluation of such systems
have been identified through analysis of self-tracking devices and apps.
Dashboard interface paradigms in specific self-tracking devices (Fitbit and
Basis) are discussed as representative examples of state of the art in feedback
and reflection support. By relating to existing work in other domains, such as
event related representation of time series multivariate data in financial
analytics, it is discussed how the heuristics could guide designs that would
further facilitate reflection in self-tracking personal informatics systems. Keywords: personal informatics; quantified self; self-tracking; information
visualization; feedback; reflection; heuristics | |||
| Measuring the Perception of Facial Expressions in American Sign Language Animations with Eye Tracking | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 553-563 | |
| Hernisa Kacorri; Allen Harper; Matt Huenerfauth | |||
| Our lab has conducted experimental evaluations of ASL animations, which can
increase accessibility of information for signers with lower literacy in
written languages. Participants watch animations and answer carefully
engineered questions about the information content. Because of the
labor-intensive nature of our current evaluation approach, we seek techniques
for measuring user's reactions to animations via eye-tracking technology. In
this paper, we analyze the relationship between various metrics of eye movement
behavior of native ASL signers as they watch various types of stimuli: videos
of human signers, high-quality animations of ASL, and lower-quality animations
of ASL. We found significant relationships between the quality of the stimulus
and the proportional fixation time on the upper and lower portions of the
signers face, the transitions between these portions of the face and the rest
of the signer's body, and the total length of the eye fixation path. Our work
provides guidance to researchers who wish to evaluate the quality of sign
language animations: to enable more efficient evaluation of animation quality
to support the development of technologies to synthesize high-quality ASL
animations for deaf users. Keywords: American Sign Language; accessibility technology for people who are deaf;
eye tracking; animation; evaluation; user study | |||
| Metrics and Evaluation Models for Accessible Television | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 564-571 | |
| Dongxiao Li; Peter Olaf Looms | |||
| The adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(UN CRPD) in 2006 has provided a global framework for work on accessibility,
including information and communication technologies and audiovisual content.
One of the challenges facing the application of the UN CRPD is terminology. The
interpretation of concepts such as 'disability' and 'accessibility' builds on
national traditions and metrics. A second challenge is implementation
diversity: different nations and regions have their own interpretation of how
media can be made accessible. A third challenge is the increasing number of
platforms on which audiovisual content needs to be distributed, requiring very
clear multiplatform architectures to facilitate interworking and assure
interoperability. As a consequence, the regular evaluations of progress being
made by signatories to the UN CRPD protocol are difficult to compare. Using
case studies from three emerging economies (Argentina, Brazil and China) as
well as industrialized nations including Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom
and the USA), this paper examines the situation facing television
accessibility. Having identified and discussed existing metrics and evaluation
models for access service provision, the paper identifies options that could
facilitate the evaluation of UN CRPD outcomes and suggests priorities for
future research in this area. Keywords: television; accessibility; access services; metrics | |||
| A Comparing Study between People with Reduced Hand Function and Children | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 572-581 | |
| Lena Lorentzen; Johan Eklund | |||
| This study was conducted in collaboration with Tetra Pak® [1] measuring
the hand strength, grip ability, hand size to judge how easy it was to open
three packages with a group of 10 people with reduced hand function and 14
children, six years old. The result showed that the hand strength between the
group with reduced hand function and the children was quite similar. Also the
results from the grip ability test and their judgement of how it was to handle
the package was similar. The size of the participants' hands was the only thing
that really differed between the groups. This is an interesting input for
designers developing products and packages that should be easy to use for
children, but may be even more interesting for developing products where there
is a need to exclude children or child protective packages. Keywords: user studies; universal design/design for all/inclusive design; hand
function; packaging design; child safety | |||
| T-echo: Promoting Intergenerational Communication through Gamified Social Mentoring | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 582-589 | |
| Yuki Nagai; Atsushi Hiyama; Takahiro Miura; Michitaka Hirose | |||
| Intergenerational social mentoring, a mentoring system on social medium
between the elderly and the young, will be the one of the platforms for the
elderly to make use of their potential. The elderly could have more chances to
communicate their knowledge and experience accumulated through their life to
the next generations, and the young could try more challenges under the wisdom
of crowds. Such systems should 1) have senior-friendly interface, 2) support
the rich context-aware communication, and 3) blur some intergenerational gaps.
In this paper, we propose "T-echo", a new trial system for intergenerational
social mentoring. T-echo is based on the two concepts: "growing gamification"
and "calendar-based interface." The field study 15 elderly joined showed that
the calendar-notebook interface was friendly for the elderly and have rich
contexts for mentoring. Furthermore, growing gamification could be a good
mediator between the elderly and the young. Keywords: social mentoring; growing gamification; intergenerational communication | |||
| Answers for Self and Proxy -- Using Eye Tracking to Uncover Respondent Burden and Usability Issues in Online Questionnaires | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 590-600 | |
| Erica Olmsted-Hawala; Temika Holland; Elizabeth Nichols | |||
| In a study of the American Community Survey online instrument, we assessed
how people answered questions about themselves and other individuals living in
their household using eye-tracking data and other qualitative measures. This
paper focuses on the number of fixations (whether participants looked at
specific areas of the screen), fixation duration (how long participants looked
at the questions and answers), and number of unique visits (whether
participants rechecked the question and answer options). Results showed that
for age, date of birth and employment duty questions participants had more
fixations and unique visit counts, and spent more time on the screen when
answering about unrelated members of their household than when answering about
themselves. Differing eye movements for proxy reporting suggest that answering
some survey questions for other unrelated people poses more burden on
respondents than answering about oneself. However, not all questions showed
this tendency, so eye tracking alone is not enough to detect burden. Keywords: eye tracking; usability; questionnaire design; proxy reporting; respondent
burden | |||
| Experiences from a Long Run with a Virtual Personal Trainer | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 601-612 | |
| Paolo Pilloni; Lucio Davide Spano; Fabrizio Mulas; Gianni Fenu; Salvatore Carta | |||
| In this paper, we report on our two-years experience with the commercial
application Everywhere Run!, a mobile app that allows people to self monitor
their running sessions and stay motivated in pursuing a wellbeing life-style.
We consider a time interval of two-years, taking as breakpoint the first
release of the application that improved the Virtual Personal Trainer
presentation. The quantitative data we report comes from a remote logging of
the app usage, while the qualitative data comes from the application reviews on
the Google Play Store. Keywords: self-monitoring; wellbeing monitoring; virtual trainer; running; Design for
Quality of Life Technologies | |||
| Self-monitoring and Technology: Challenges and Open Issues in Personal Informatics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 613-622 | |
| Amon Rapp; Federica Cena | |||
| Personal Informatics (PI), also known as Quantified Self (QS), is a school
of thought which aims to use technology for acquiring and collecting data on
different aspects of the daily lives of people. These data can be internal
states (such as mood or glucose level in the blood) or indicators of
performance (such as the kilometers run). Some research was conducted in order
to discover the problems related to the usage of PI tools, although none
investigated how common users use these tools for tracking their behavior. The
goal of this paper is to provide some insights about challenges and open issues
regarding the usage of PI tools from the point of view of a common user. To
this aim, we provide a theoretical background of personal informatics and a
brief review on the previous studies that have investigated the usage pattern
of PI tools. Keywords: Personal Informatics; Quantified Self; Behavior Change; Selftracking;
Gamification | |||
| A User Test with Accessible Video Player Looking for User Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 623-633 | |
| Johana Maria Rosas Villena; Rudinei Goularte; Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes | |||
| There is a huge availability of videos that have been produced in a very
fast and wide way, along with the popularity of Internet. The video authors
should carefully consider the scenario since many users have different needs.
It is important to keep in mind the user experience because involves a person's
behaviors, attitudes, and emotions about using a particular system, for
example, the video player. In addition, usability and accessibility of video
players need to be considered. The object of this study is to examine users'
needs, expectations and requirements for accessible videos. We developed an
accessible video player to evaluate with users. We present the results in the
form of guidelines, which highlight the characteristics of users; the
characteristics that the video need to satisfy the users' needs and the context
in which users commonly watch the videos. Keywords: user experience; video accessibility; user test | |||
| Can Animated Agents Help Us Create Better Conversational Moods? An Experiment on the Nature of Optimal Conversations | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 634-640 | |
| Masahide Yuasa | |||
| We describe a method using animated agents to investigate how humans
recognize conversational moods. Conversational moods are usually generated by
conversation participants through verbal cues as well as nonverbal cues, such
as facial expressions, eye movements, and nods. Identifying specific rules of
conversational moods would enable us to construct conversational robots and
agents that are not only able to converse naturally, but pleasantly and
excitedly. Additionally, these robots and agents would be able to assist us
with proper action to generate improved conversational moods in different
situations. We propose methods for developing agents that can help improve the
quality of our conversations and facilitate greater enjoyment of life. Keywords: animated agent; turn taking; nonverbal behavior; conversation | |||