| How to Prevent Reinventing the Wheel? -- Design Principles for Project Knowledge Management Systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 1-17 | |
| Silvia Schacht; Alexander Mädche | |||
| Today, many companies still struggle in documenting and reusing the
knowledge gained by project teams. However, knowledge only creates value if it
is applied. There exists a vast amount of research in the field of knowledge
management focusing on documentation, storage and exchange of knowledge, but
knowledge reuse is often omitted by researchers. The presented work aims to
close this gap by developing a project knowledge management system enabling
project teams to apply company-internal knowledge. We followed an action design
research approach to explore meta-requirements in a case company, translate
these requirements into design principles and test the design principles by
evaluating an artifact of a project knowledge management system. By our work,
the knowledge management research field can benefit since our design theory
extends the existing body of knowledge. Furthermore, our research results are
instantiated in a concrete artifact which can be directly transferred into
practice. Keywords: Project Knowledge Management System; Knowledge Reuse; Project Management;
Action Design Research | |||
| Designing an Artifact for the Integration of Ubiquitous Information Systems in an Enterprise Context | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 18-33 | |
| Oliver Gaß; Alexander Mädche; Harald Biegel; Mahei Li | |||
| In the past most IT innovations were initially introduced inside
organizations and it was there where individuals first came in contact with new
technologies. Nowadays, also the private life has gained importance for the
adoption of technologies. Not often, individuals acquire new IT innovations
privately, before they realize their value for professional activities and
start using them for work. Their employers, however, struggle to integrate
those innovations into their already heterogeneous organizational landscapes.
The result is often an overly insufficient and ineffective use of private IT in
organizations. In fact, previous integration research has provided various
concepts to abate such negative effects, integrating the data and functionality
of a few more private systems seems not a big deal. However, if one looks
closer, it becomes apparent that private IT is autonomous from organizational
control, rendering many common approaches inapplicable. Our research addresses
this problem. Using the scenario of self-employed insurance brokers, we
identify several characteristics of private IT ecosystems, here conceptualized
as ubiquitous information systems (UIS), which prevent its productive use for
professional activities. Based on these findings we suggest and instantiate a
solution design which solves many issues of heterogeneity, but also accounts
for the autonomy and distribution of the private UIS and its sub-systems. We
conclude our research with a discussion of six propositions about the expected
impact of our solution on individual performance. Keywords: Ubiquitous Information System; Integration; Interoperability; Individual
Performance; Activity Theory; Task-Technology-Fit | |||
| Design Principles for Research Data Export: Lessons Learned in e-Health Design Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 34-49 | |
| Mudassir Imran Mustafa; Jonas Sjöström | |||
| Information technology (IT) allows for large-scale data collection and data
analysis, e.g. through logs of user behavior and online surveys. While the
issue of structured access to data is extremely important, previous research
has not sufficiently emphasized design of data export for research purposes. If
researchers are to make their data accessible, they must be empowered to export
data in a flexible manner. In this paper, we employ action design research to
develop design principles for data export in an e-Health context. Design is
informed by a sociomaterial world-view, object-oriented patterns and
principles, and usability goals. Through three build-intervene-evaluate cycles
in an empirical setting where randomized controlled trials are designed, we
propose nine design principles and a conceptual architecture for data export.
Implications for research and practice are discussed. Keywords: Data export; e-health; mutability; action design research | |||
| What's the Best Bet? An Analysis of Design Scientists' Perceptions of Receptivity and Impact of IS Journals | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 50-58 | |
| Debra VanderMeer; Monica Chiarini Tremblay | |||
| Design Science Research is now an accepted philosophy for Information
Systems scholars, yet deciding where to publish is still enigmatic. Though
several mainstream IS publications modified their editorial statements to
welcome DSR manuscripts, their receptivity is uncertain. We survey the DSR
community regarding individual researchers' experiences publishing DSR work in
journals, and summarize our findings here. We identify journals that the DSR
community perceives to be both receptive to DSR work and impactful to their
careers. Our goal is to aid Design Science researchers in the selection of
appropriate outlets for their future work, and possibly identify potential
journal outlets they may not have considered. Keywords: Journals; receptivity; impact | |||
| Seeking Constructive Synergy: Design Science and the Constructive Research Approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 59-72 | |
| Kalle A. Piirainen; Rafael A. Gonzalez | |||
| Information systems research and management science create knowledge which
can be applied in organizations. Design science specifically aims at applying
existing knowledge to solve interesting and relevant business problems and has
been steadily gaining support in information systems research. However, design
science is not the only design-oriented framework. Accordingly, this raises the
question of whether it is possible to compare the results obtained from
different brands of design-oriented research. This paper contributes to
answering this question by comparing two research approaches, enabling mutual
learning possibilities and suggesting improvements in transparency and rigor.
The objective of this paper is to compare design science research with the
constructive research approach. The conclusion is that the two approaches are
compatible, save for details in practical requirements and partly underlying
philosophical assumptions, but both have something to teach each other about
how to define and execute design-oriented research in information systems and
management science. Keywords: design science research; constructive research approach; information
systems; management science | |||
| Pattern-Based Design Research -- An Iterative Research Method Balancing Rigor and Relevance | | BIBA | Full-Text | 73-87 | |
| Sabine Buckl; Florian Matthes; Alexander W. Schneider; Christian M. Schweda | |||
| Researchers in the area of Information Systems (IS) applying the design
science paradigm are confronted with the challenge to make theoretical
contributions which also help to solve current and anticipated problems in
practice. This is often referred to as the rigor and relevance challenge of
design science research. To ensure relevance of the research outcome, research
projects in IS are often conducted in close cooperation with one or more
industry partners. This typically leads to a need for early results and a
binding to the specific organizational context of the participating industry
partner(s).
In this paper, we propose pattern-based design research (PDR), an iterative design research method consisting of four phases, to overcome this problem. We argue that patterns as early stage design artifacts enable researchers to build innovative artifacts that address current and anticipated problems of practitioners in an organizational context. Building on well-established concepts as patterns, design theories, and the design theory nexus, the proposed research method enables a researcher to theorize and learn from the intervention at the industry partner(s) while performing rigorous and relevant design science research. We illustrate the applicability of PDR by presenting a research project from the area of enterprise architecture management. | |||
| Patterns as an Artifact for Business Process Improvement -- Insights from a Case Study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 88-104 | |
| Thomas Falk; Philipp Griesberger; Susanne Leist | |||
| Several approaches were developed for business process improvement (BPI)
(e.g. Six Sigma). However, it is often stated that these approaches do not
provide sufficient support for the performers of a BPI initiative, especially
concerning the phase where applicable measures that provoke improvement (act of
improvement) are needed. In this paper, we suggest BPI patterns as a means to
directly support the act of improvement. Even though the common concept of
patterns had great success in other domains of information systems (IS), the
concept has not been transferred to BPI so far. In this paper, the
demonstration of BPI patterns in a case study is focused. The BPI patterns,
which represent the artifact in this design science research, are derived on
the basis of a previously developed metamodel. The results from the
demonstration were discussed with the process owners to get a first evaluation
of the developed BPI patterns. Keywords: Patterns; Business Process Improvement; Case Study; Design Science Research | |||
| ERP Event Log Preprocessing: Timestamps vs. Accounting Logic | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 105-119 | |
| Niels Mueller-Wickop; Martin Schultz | |||
| Process mining has been gaining significant attention in academia and
practice. A promising first step to apply process mining in the audit domain
was taken with the mining of process instances from accounting data. However,
the resulting process instances constitute graphs. Commonly, timestamp oriented
event log formats require a sequential list of activities and do not support
graph structures. Thus, event log based process mining techniques cannot
readily be applied to accounting data. To close this gap, we present an
algorithm that determines an activity sequence from accounting data. With this
algorithm, mined process instance graphs can be decomposed in a way they fit
into sequential event log formats. Event log based process mining techniques
can then be used to construct process models. A case study demonstrates the
effectiveness of the presented approach. Results reveal that the preprocessing
of the event logs considerably improves the derived process models. Keywords: Process Mining; Log File Preprocessing; Process Instances; ERP Accounting
Data | |||
| Enriching Process Models for Business Process Compliance Checking in ERP Environments | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 120-135 | |
| Martin Schultz | |||
| In enterprise resource planning (ERP) environments the audit of business
process compliance is a complex task as audit relevant context information
about the ERP system like application controls (ACs) need to be considered to
derive comprehensive audit results. Current compliance checking approaches
neglect such information as it is not readily available in process models. Even
if ACs are automatically analysed with audit software, the results still need
to be linked to related processes. By now, this linking is not methodically
supported. To address this gap this paper presents a method to automatically
enrich process models with audit relevant information about ACs. The method
consists of three phases: process model construction, automated analysis of
ACs, and model enrichment. It utilizes two existing artefacts and combines them
to provide a comprehensive basis for compliance checking. Moreover, the
enriched process models can support auditors in conducting process audits in
ERP environments. Keywords: Compliance Checking; Application Controls; BPM; ERP | |||
| Rethinking Design Theory in Information Systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 136-149 | |
| John R. Venable | |||
| Design Theory has been written about extensively in Information Systems
(IS), but remains heavily problematic. Some researchers explicitly exclude
design theory as an outcome of Design Science Research (DSR), others disagree
about the form and purpose of design theories, many consider design theories to
be too complicated to construct, some journal editors and researchers give low
priority to design theory, and very few DSR publications propose design
theories.
This paper reviews and critically examines the IS literature on design theories, the nature of technological design artefacts compared to phenomena in the natural, biological, and social domains, and whether design theory is 'prescriptive' or 'explanatory'. Using a DSR approach, the paper makes recommendations concerning the form and use of design theory, in order to move toward a resolution of the disagreements about design theory and progress the development of clearer and more useful formalisations of knowledge for practical use. Keywords: Design Theory; Design Science Research; Utility Theory; Information System | |||
| How to Generalize an Information Technology Case Study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 150-164 | |
| Rúben Pereira; Rafael Almeida; Miguel Mira da Silva | |||
| Case studies are a valuable way to look at the world around us and have been
gaining special importance in the last years in the information technology
area. However, some problems, as for example the lack of rigor or the
dependency of a single case exploration, preclude case study generalization.
Therefore, we propose to perform an extensive literature review about case
study methodology, specifically in information technology domain, in order to
leverage critical information about organizations, which should be present in
all information technology case studies to enable their generalization and
pattern matching. We end our research with limitations, contributions and
future work. Keywords: IT; Cast Study; IS; Organizational Context; Patterns; Generalization | |||
| Reconciling Theories with Design Choices in Design Science Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 165-180 | |
| Roman Lukyanenko; Jeffrey Parsons | |||
| Despite increased acceptance of design science research, concerns about
rigor and relevance permeate the research community. One way to increase rigor
is by codifying design knowledge into design theories. While this idea is
gaining popularity, it is unclear how to approach design theorizing in a
scientifically rigorous, yet practically relevant, way. In this paper, we
address one particularly murky issue in design science research: reconciling
theoretical abstractness with practicality. Since many design theories are
moderately abstract, a gap exists between theoretical propositions and concrete
issues faced in practice. We present a case study of real information system
(IS) development where these issues become evident. Based on the identified
issues we provide four theory-driven recommendations including specification of
transformational rules, developing or imagining a real IS artifact,
specification of boundary conditions and over-specification of the theoretical
core. The consequences of these recommendations for design science theorizing
are discussed. Keywords: design science research; design theory; conceptual modeling; database
design; rigor; relevance; information quality; data quality; citizen science | |||
| Formidable Bracelet, Beautiful Lantern | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 181-196 | |
| Rebekah Rousi | |||
| We live in an experience economy. The more saturated the global market
becomes with products offering the same functions, services and quality, the
more companies are wanting to appeal to the intangible needs and desires of
consumers. To achieve this, designers and researchers are turning inwards to
investigate the psychological factors affecting peoples' relationships and
reactions towards design properties. For this reason, design semantics studies
on user experience have been advancing all the time. Much emphasis has been
placed on visual product experience, as well as the relationship between brand
perception and user experience. These are important steps, which are referred
to in this paper. However, experience is multi-sensory, that is, our mental
impressions and representations are constantly stimulated and informed by what
we see, hear, taste, smell and touch. This paper explains user experience from
a semiotic perspective. It then introduces a cognitive semiotic model, the
C-model, of user experience and describes its application in an empirical
study. Findings of the study suggest that while people favor what is perceived
through sight in contrast to what is perceived through touch. However, the
sense of touch inspires imaginative interpretation of form and associations
with visual properties such as color. Keywords: user experience; multi-sensory; semiotic; design; psychology | |||
| Boundary Resources Dependency in Third-Party Development from the Developer's Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 197-211 | |
| Asma Rafiq; Pär J. Ågerfalkm; Jonas Sjöström | |||
| The purpose of this paper is to explore issues pertaining to the development
of third-party applications aimed to be hosted at software platforms. While
prior research has addressed design challenges in platform design, and
suggested a boundary resources model to understand such design, we argue that
the application developers' perspective has not yet been scrutinized. Drawing
on design experiences from application development for the Facebook platform,
we suggest further elaboration of the boundary resources model for software
platforms. Our results show that the developers and applications are highly
affected by the unpredictability of software platforms. Based on an empirically
justified account of experience with boundary resources dependencies, we
propose a set of implications for third-party development as well as platform
development and maintenance. The study should be helpful in determining the
influence of boundary resources on third-party developers and applications
whilst planning for application development on such platforms. It should also
be useful to platform owners involved in the development and maintenance of
boundary resources for third-party development. Keywords: Third-party Development; Software Platforms; Boundary Resources; Facebook | |||
| Organizational Design of Innovative Education -- Insights from a Combined Design and Action Research Project | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 212-227 | |
| Olivera Marjanovic | |||
| This research aims to contribute to an emerging area of organizational
design research, focusing on educational innovation. Our contribution comes in
a form of an innovative organizational design solution for on-campus large
lecture instruction, here named the Team Net Based Learning (TNBL) model,
designed by the author and later independently adopted by other educators. The
paper reports on a combined design and action research project of initiating,
designing, implementing and evaluating the TNBL model (design research
artifact), over a period of two years in a real-life setting, from a standpoint
of a reflective practitioner/designer, engaged in action research in the
context of her own practice. The model continues to be used to this day. Even
though this project was implemented in the information systems domain, the main
design artifact is discipline- and content- agnostic, and as such could be used
in any other discipline. The outcomes of this research further strengthen the
argument previously made by organization studies researchers that scholars
researching organization systems and processes can use their knowledge and
experience to organise and manage student activities. Keywords: organizational design research; action research; innovative education; large
lecture instruction | |||
| Don't Ignore the Iceberg: Timely Revelation of Justification in DSR | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 228-241 | |
| Dirk S. Hovorka; Jan Pries-Heje | |||
| Design theory is often an outcome of Design Science Research (DSR) and
kernel theories provide explanatory justification of design principles. But
like an iceberg, many of the design principles lie hidden under the surface or
inadequately specified. Ascertaining the completeness of the design principles
requires additional design process steps to surface underlying assumptions and
to abstract design principles which emerge during secondary design. We follow
the development of a project management decision support artifact and describe
the primary design, based on literature on agile systems development, and the
subsequent secondary design that took place in a financial company. Analysis
reveals an "iceberg phenomenon"; only a partial design justification was
initially apparent, and underlying design assumptions are only revealed through
deeper reflection and analysis. We conclude by providing guidelines for making
design justification more explicit in both the design and the evaluation
phases. Keywords: Design Theory; kernel theory; primary design; secondary design | |||
| An Argumentative Approach of Conceptual Modelling and Model Validation through Theory Building | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 242-257 | |
| Sebastian Bittmann; Oliver Thomas | |||
| Conceptual modelling and theory building are tightly bundled together, since
conceptual models are one way to express one's thoughts, assumptions, beliefs
and convictions, respectively his theory referencing a domain. However, while
theory building does account for a process of knowledge creation and the
evolution of a theory, which is characterised by falsification and rebuttals, a
conceptual model remains a vessel of expressing a current state of knowledge. A
theory held in a person's mind might develop during gaining experiences and
through discussions with others, usually held in natural language. A conceptual
model, however, disregards these aspects of theory building. Therefore in this
paper, we will introduce an approach of purposefully constructing and
validating conceptual models by means of arguments. This approach will not just
enable a validation of a conceptual model against the theory of the creator,
but against all theories the respective stakeholders might have. Keywords: Conceptual Modelling; Design Theory; Argumentative Modelling; Reasoning;
Toulmin | |||
| BWW Ontology as a Lens on IS Design Theory: Extending the Design Science Research Roadmap | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 258-277 | |
| Ahmad Alturki; Guy G. Gable; Wasana Bandara | |||
| The Design Science Research Roadmap (DSR-Roadmap) [1] aims to give detailed
methodological guidance to novice researchers in Information Systems (IS) DSR.
Focus group evaluation, one phase of the overall study, of the evolving
DSR-Roadmap revealed that a key difficulty faced by both novice and expert
researchers in DSR, is abstracting design theory from design. This paper
explores the extension of the DSR-Roadmap by employing IS deep structure
ontology (BWW [2-4]) as a lens on IS design to firstly yield generalisable
design theory, specifically 'IS Design Theory' (ISDT) elements [5].
Consideration is next given to the value of BWW in the application of the
design theory by practitioners. Results of mapping BWW constructs to ISDT
elements suggest that the BWW is promising as a common language between design
researchers and practitioners, facilitating both design theory and design
implementation. Keywords: Design Theory; IS Ontology; Design Science Research Methodology;
DSR-Roadmap; Design Ontology | |||
| Towards an Innovative Service Development Process in the Electricity Industry | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 278-292 | |
| Yannic Domigall; Antonia Albani; Robert Winter | |||
| The electricity industry is currently confronted with regulatory and
technological change that leads to fundamental transformation of the value
propositions and innovation processes of enterprises. New services are one
possibility to compete in the new market environment. This paper proposes a
service development process for the electricity industry that builds up on
existing approaches. The process model was developed by means of an embedded
research framework that combines qualitative and quantitative methods in a
multi method approach. A first evaluation of the process was conducted with a
partner of the electricity industry in Switzerland. Potential service areas
resulting from literature research, expert interviews (N=19), and an Open Space
event with lead customers (N=33) build the basis for a choice based conjoint
study. Potential services could already be identified in a pretest study. The
paper shows that co-creation with customers and experts, enables the service
innovation process. Keywords: Service Development; Electricity Industry; Conjoint Analysis | |||
| Design Science in Practice: Designing an Electricity Demand Response System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 293-307 | |
| Philipp Bodenbenner; Stefan Feuerriegel; Dirk Neumann | |||
| Information Systems play an important role in achieving sustainable
solutions for the global economy. In particular, Information Systems are
inevitable when it comes to the transition from the "current" to the "smart"
power grid. This enables an improved balancing of both electricity supply and
demand, by shifting load -- based on the projected supply gap and electricity
prices -- on the demand side smartly. As this requires a specific Information
System, namely a Demand Response system, we address the challenge of designing
such a system by utilizing the design science approach: determining general
requirements, deducing the corresponding information requirements, analyzing
the information flow, designing a suitable Information System, demonstrating
its capability, and, finally, evaluating the design. The design process is
reiterated fully until a viable solution, i.e. an IS artifact, has been
developed. This paper describes both the design process as such and the final
IS artifact. Moreover, we summarize our lessons learnt from using and adopting
the design science approach within this practical, bottom-up case study. Keywords: Design Science Research; Green IS; IS-Architecture; Demand Response; Case
Study | |||
| A Decision Support Tool to Define Scope in IT Service Management Process Assessment and Improvement | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 308-323 | |
| Anup Shrestha; Aileen Cater-Steel; Mark Toleman; Wui-Gee Tan | |||
| Improvements in managing IT service management (ITSM) processes are
continuously sought by IT organisations. However, resources are limited and the
choice of processes for improvement is a critical decision point for the
managers. In this paper, we report a process selection decision model developed
with task-technology fit theory as the lens as the basis for our Design Science
Research approach. The model is instantiated with an outcome of a decision
support tool. The process selection decision model uses service perception
factors from the Service Quality (SERV-QUAL) model and business drivers from
the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) perspectives to ensure that the ITSM processes are
prioritised based on the key business drivers that have the highest impact on
the business. Responses to a service perception survey provided by the business
stakeholders combined with workshops guided the tool development as did
considering the BSC perspectives with business drivers rather than ITSM
processes being ranked directly by stakeholder participants. Usefulness of the
tool is then demonstrated in a case organisation. The main contribution of the
study is to provide evidence-based decision support for IT service providers to
select the most relevant service processes to improve. Future research includes
longitudinal evaluation of the tool's output advice and the tool's use in other
organisations. Keywords: IT service management; decision support tool; design science research
method; Balanced Scorecard; service quality; task-technology fit theory | |||
| Green IS for GHG Emission Reporting on Product-Level? An Action Design Research Project in the Meat Industry | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 324-339 | |
| Hendrik Hilpert; Christoph Beckers; Lutz M. Kolbe; Matthias Schumann | |||
| Greenhouse gas emission reporting gained importance in the last years, due
to societal and governmental pressure. However, this task is highly complex,
especially in interdependent batch production processes and for reporting on
the product-level. Green information systems, which collect, process and
enhance the environmental information basis, are seen as a possible solution
for this complex task, but only few Green IS accrued in IS research and
practice. In this paper, we present initial results from an action design
science research project. We studied three meat processing companies and
developed a Green IS artifact that is capable to collect, process and report
energy consumption and GHG emissions on product and process level. The
evaluation for two sausage products shows that the artifact enhances the
information basis with more detailed data towards average calculations,
enabling more sustainable business processes. Finally, we propose design
principles for the class of environmental accounting on product-level. Keywords: Action Design Research; Design Science; Green IS; GHG emissions; meat
industry; PCF; product carbon footprint | |||
| Design Methodology for Construction of Mapping Applications | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 340-352 | |
| Olusola Samuel-Ojo; Lorne Olfman; Linda A. Reinen; Arjuna Flenner; David D. Oglesby; Gareth J. Funning | |||
| Geoscientists and engineers use anomalies which are parts of a profile that
is above or below the surrounding average to infer subsurface targets
(groundwater, ore and petroleum). Customarily, they are detected by processing
field measurements including geological and geophysical data using methods such
as stacking (averaging), Fourier analysis and filtering. The issue is these
methods often result in partial detection because they perform partial
separation of wanted from unwanted anomalies and the error in separation gets
propagated into data layers and subsequent analyses, thereby resulting in less
accurate spatial predictions. In order to understand and address this issue, we
investigate whether the design methodology for construction of mapping
applications for characterizing geospatial variables achieves logical
consistency of data layers and improve mapping accuracy of groundwater flow. We
present a design methodology as an artifact and evaluated it by applying it to
hydrogeological and geodetic data acquired from the Santa Clara Valley, CA,
USA. The result shows that data parts offer distinctive patterns of geometric
features that are signatures of groundwater flow for sustainable groundwater
management. The practical implications of the result can be applied by software
developers and data modelers, information systems and operations managers to
construct logically consistent and well-composed environmental information
systems. Keywords: environmental information system; mapping accuracy; logical consistency;
spatio-temporal; error propagation; data layer; feature layer; spatial
analysis; data part; groundwater flow; geospatial data pattern; surface
curvature signature | |||
| Cherry Picking with Meta-Models: A Systematic Approach for the Organization-Specific Configuration of Maturity Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 353-368 | |
| Janusch Patas; Jens Pöppelbuß; Matthias Goeken | |||
| Information systems (IS) managers apply maturity models (MMs) to evaluate
and enhance their organization's capabilities. Since the MM concept has become
increasingly popular in research and practice over the past years, the number
of similar or competing MMs has literally exploded. Despite their popularity,
MMs are often criticized for being either too generic or too comprehensive.
Therefore, prior to their application, organizations tend to adjust them
according to their specific requirements. Unfortunately, IS management lacks
methods to support this task systematically. In this article we intend to close
this methodical gap as we develop a meta-model that supports a systematic
configuration of MMs according to organization-specific requirements. We
conduct a thorough literature analysis to construct this artifact, i.e., a
maturity model meta-model (MMMM). Thereafter, we apply a tool-supported
qualitative content analysis to extend, ground, and evaluate those components
using a representative subset of 13 publicly available MMs. Finally, we
identify four use cases and adapt configuration mechanisms from related
research areas to illustrate and demonstrate our artifact's utility. Both IS
practice and research benefit from our findings as we contribute a systematic
meta-model-based approach that helps to analyze MMs and configure them to
organization-specific requirements. Keywords: Maturity models; maturity model components; meta-model; maturity model
configuration; qualitative content analysis | |||
| Towards a Domain-Specific Method for Multi-Perspective Hospital Modelling -- Motivation and Requirements | | BIBA | Full-Text | 369-385 | |
| Michael Heß | |||
| The paper motivates the design and development of a domain-specific method for Multi-Perspective Hospital Modelling and presents requirements the method should fulfil. The contribution follows the design science research process and the identified requirements serve as basis for evaluating related work from the medical informatics and information systems discipline. As out of all evaluated approaches, the Multi-Perspective Enterprise Modelling method fulfils the requirements to the greatest extent, it is to be extended towards the proposed Multi-Perspective Hospital Modelling method. | |||
| The Service Meta Modeling Editor -- Bottom-Up Integration of Service Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 386-393 | |
| Christoph Augenstein; André Ludwig | |||
| The logistics service industry is characterized by a high level of
collaboration between logistics customers and providers. In fact,
sophisticated, knowledge-intense business models such as fourth party and lead
logistics evolved in recent years that are responsible for planning,
coordination, and monitoring entire supply chains across logistics companies.
The Logistics Service Engineering and Management (LSEM) platform is a
service-oriented infrastructure for the development and management of
collaborative contract logistics enabling fourth party and lead logistics. The
service modeling framework (SMF) is a central element of the LSEM-platform. It
allows users of the platform to define, manage and combine logistics services
from different providers and allows for an integrated view on complex services
setups. In this paper, the Service Meta Modeling Editor is presented as an
essential part of the SMF. It allows connecting and integrating various types
of service models and avoids the need to define and maintain a complex, global
service model. Instead a comprehensive service model is built bottom-up in that
elements from different models are linked on a metamodel level. Keywords: logistics; service modeling; metamodeling; service editor | |||
| Icebricks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 394-399 | |
| Jörg Becker; Nico Clever; Justus Holler; Maria Shitkova | |||
| Within this article the prototype icebricks is described by its main
characteristics which are layers of abstraction, attribution, reference models
and semantic standardization by the use of a glossary. The layers are
predefined in order to enhance the clarity and comparability of the processes.
Attribution is used -- beside the layers of abstraction -- as means to reduce
the complexity of the models by shifting information to analyzable and easily
maintainable attributes instead of sophisticated control flows within the
process elements. The glossary is inspired by the idea of model conventions.
Each business object within it is defined once and can be used with defined
activities as process building blocks within all models with the same semantic
meaning. Furthermore, reference models are incorporated into the prototype to
enable modelers with the possibility to create or derive purposeful models in a
short period of time. The prototype was thoroughly and very successfully
evaluated in its web based version in two process modeling projects aiming for
process reorganization for an ERP system change and for a complete
documentation of the process landscape for knowledge management. Keywords: Prototype; Modeling Tools; Business Process Management; Building Block based
Modeling; Modeling Languages | |||
| Estimating Operating System Process Energy Consumption in Real Time | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 400-404 | |
| Kaushik Dutta; Vivek Kumar Singh; Debra VanderMeer | |||
| The power consumption in data centers due to Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) is significant across the globe. With recent developments in
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), we notice a paradigm shift in computing.
Desktops (PCs) and laptops are being replaced by smart phones and tablets. A
major impact of this architecture is a shift of computing resources from
personal desktops and laptops to centralized server farms. This implies
increases in power consumption in the large-scale servers used in these
infrastructures. In such a scenario, optimizing the IT resources for power
consumption is a necessity. The first step of such an optimization at the
application level is the knowledge of how much energy the application is
consuming. A major challenge in this domain is to develop a software-based
energy metering tool that can measure the energy consumptions at the OS process
level. We have developed an OS process-level power metering tool that can
accurately estimate the energy usage based on system resource usages, and
demonstrated that our tool provides energy measurement for complex e-business
applications with greater than 95% accuracy. Keywords: Energy; Power Meter; SVM Model; Operating Systems | |||
| Cross-Platform Development of Business Apps with MD² | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 405-411 | |
| Henning Heitkötter; Tim A. Majchrzak | |||
| MD² is a framework for cross-platform model-driven mobile development.
It consists of a domain-specific language for describing business apps
concisely and of generators that automatically create complete iOS and Android
apps from this specification.
Designers. MD² has been created as a research prototype at the Department of Information Systems,University of Münster. Henning Heitkötter and Tim A. Majchrzak, both interested in cross-platform approaches and mobile applications in general, supervised the implementation, which was mainly carried out by master students Sören Evers, Klaus Fleerkötter, Daniel Kemper, Sandro Mesterheide, and Jannis Strodtkötter. Keywords: Business apps; mobile; cross-platform development; model-driven;
domain-specific language; MDSD | |||
| Context-Awareness in the Car: Prediction, Evaluation and Usage of Route Trajectories | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 412-419 | |
| Patrick Helmholz; Edgar Ziesmann; Susanne Robra-Bissantz | |||
| A route trajectory is described as the upcoming course of the road in
geographical terms as well as in terms of time. This enables the possibility of
providing context-aware applications in modern vehicles. In order to generate
such a trajectory with its context aware information, it is still necessary to
enter a destination point into a navigation system. However, the most frequent
commutations (drives, trips) are to known destinations and are therefore not
performed with any active guidance system. This means that the prediction must
be determined in a different manner. This paper presents a method, which
predicts the route trajectory of a vehicle based on the travel history of its
user. In addition to the traveled distance further context parameters are used
for the prediction. These parameters include the current time of day, day of
week and the route frequency, which indicates the number of times a particular
route has already been traveled. Moreover, the developed prediction is
evaluated in a volunteers study with about 500 rides and about 9.500 driven
kilometers. The results show that in 80 percent of the cases the forward-lying
path can be predicted correctly. Keywords: Route trajectory; driving context; context-awareness | |||
| Self-Service Management Support Systems -- There's an App for That | | BIBA | Full-Text | 420-424 | |
| Bernhard Krönke; Alexa Reinecke; Jörg Hans Mayer; Gotthard Tischner; Hannes Feistenauer; Jörg Hauke | |||
| Management support systems (MSS) help managers to perform their jobs more productively and efficiently by serving as their central, hands-on, day-to-day source of information [1]. As an umbrella term, "MSS" represents a major class of information systems (IS) covering management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, and, more recently, knowledge management and business intelligence (BI) systems [2]. | |||
| Designing a Web-Based Classroom Response System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 425-431 | |
| Dennis Kundisch; Philipp Herrmann; Michael Whittaker; Jürgen Neumann; Johannes Magenheim; Wolfgang Reinhardt; Marc Beutner; Andrea Zoyke | |||
| It is well-established in the literature that active participation vitalizes
and supports the students' learning process much better than a traditional
lecture style. One way of fostering participation in lectures is through
pedagogical designs that stimulate cooperative activities among students, using
classroom response systems. In this paper we present a prototypical
implementation of a classroom response system called PINGO (Peer Instruction
for very large groups). PINGO is offered to all instructors worldwide as a
hosted service free of charge. Keywords: Classroom Response System; Live Feedback; Teaching; Peer Instruction;
Class-wide Discussion; Three-Questions Sequence Approach; Learner-centered
Pedagogical Design | |||
| New-Generation Managers and Their IS Support -- Getting It Right with the Corporate Navigator | | BIBA | Full-Text | 432-437 | |
| Jörg Hans Mayer; Robert Winter | |||
| Companies today operate in an increasingly dynamic environment. Due to their overall responsibility, managers are particularly affected by this situation. Information systems (IS) that aim at helping managers are known as management support systems (MSS). They are designed to serve as their central, hands-on, day-to-day source of information [1]. | |||
| MUSE: Implementation of a Design Theory for Systems that Support Convergent and Divergent Thinking | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 438-445 | |
| Oliver Müller; Stefan Debortoli; Stefan Seidel | |||
| It has been asserted that information systems (IS) can both enhance and
undermine creativity. Earlier, we have proposed an IS design theory for systems
that support individual creativity through fostering convergent and divergent
thinking. In this paper we outline how we have transformed this abstract
blueprint into a running software prototype. We chose cooking -- a familiar
creative process -- as an exemplary domain to illustrate the form and function
of the prototype. In future work, the prototype and the underlying design
theory will be empirically evaluated using focus groups and laboratory
experiments. Keywords: creativity; convergent thinking; divergent thinking; design theory;
prototype; focus group; experiment | |||
| Mini Smart Grid @ Copenhagen Business School: Prototype Demonstration | | BIBA | Full-Text | 446-447 | |
| Rasmus U. Pedersen; Szymon J. Furtak; Ivan Häuser; Codrina Lauth; Rob Van Kranenburg | |||
| Project Smart Grid: The Intelligent Electrical System Is the Way Forward
In 2012 Peter Möllgaard from Department of Economics and Rasmus Pedersen from Department of IT Management initiated a new project supported by CBS Sustainability Platform. The purpose of the project is to establish an understanding of micro-economic and IT challenges related to Smart Grid technology. The mini-smart-grid project at Copenhagen Business School (MSC@CBS) project seeks to investigate the business opportunities and issues that arise from this new technology. The project revolves around the concepts of Smart Grids, Smart Meters and prosumers. Smart Grids are a new method of managing electricity and power supply. It has not reached its full potential yet, but it offers a more interactive platform for both the consumer and the main supplier e.g. Dong Energy. The Smart Grid will collect and control the behavior of consumers and suppliers in order to make the system more effective and sustainable. The consumers or suppliers will be able to control certain appliances in their homes so that they become a resource for the system. For example, the customer or supplier can choose to switch off the freezer for 30 minutes during the night to save energy. | |||
| preCEP: Facilitating Predictive Event-Driven Process Analytics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 448-455 | |
| Bernd Schwegmann; Martin Matzner; Christian Janiesch | |||
| The earlier critical decision can be made, the more business value can be
retained or even earned. The goal of this research is to reduce a decision
maker's action distance to the observation of critical events. We report on the
development of the software tool preCEP that facilitates predictive
event-driven process analytics (edPA). The tool enriches business activity
monitoring with prediction capabilities. It is implemented by using complex
event processing technology (CEP). The prediction component is trained with
event log data of completed process instances. The knowledge obtained from this
training, combined with event data of running process instances, allows for
making predictions at intermediate execution stages on a currently running
process instance's future behavior and on process metrics. preCEP comprises a
learning component, a run-time environment as well as a modeling environment,
and a visualization component of the predictions. Keywords: Event-driven Process Analytics; Business Activity Monitoring; Complex Event
Processing; Business Process Management; Operational Business Intelligence | |||
| Developing Creative Business Models -- The OctoProz Tool | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 456-462 | |
| Matthias Voigt; Kevin Ortbach; Ralf Plattfaut; Björn Niehaves | |||
| Business models are of great importance for business innovation. They can be
understood as conceptual models that describe how organizations create and
deliver value. Their creation is increasingly supported by information
technology artifacts, as information technology facilitates information
sharing, allows for continuous modification, and supports complex calculations.
In this paper, we introduce a new prototype to create process-oriented business
models: the OctoProz tool. We build up on creativity support system literature,
present the design of the artifact, and discuss its significance for both
research and practice. We close with an outlook on the evaluation of OctoProz. Keywords: business modeling; prototype; OctoProz | |||
| Using Empirical Knowledge and Studies in the Frame of Design Science Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 463-470 | |
| Ilia Bider; Paul Johannesson; Erik Perjons | |||
| The focus of this research in progress is relationships between Design
Science Research (DSR) on one hand, and Empirical Research (ER) on the other.
More specifically, it is devoted to investigating which tasks included in a DSR
project should/could require conducting ER studies or using already existing ER
knowledge. The paper presents a methodology for enumerating DSR tasks and gives
examples of logical analysis of some of them to determine requirements or
usability of ER studies or ER-related knowledge for completing these tasks. The
enumeration of DSR tasks is done by considering possible trajectories of DSR
projects in a specially constructed state space. The latter consists of two
subspaces; one is the space of specific situations, problems and solutions, the
other -- of generic situations, problems and solutions. The first subspace
represents test cases used for validating DSR hypotheses that the second
subspace represents. In the terms of this space, DSR is considered to be a way
of generating and testing hypotheses for future adoption. The project
trajectory is identified via movements within and between subspaces. Examples
of such movements are: generalization of a specific situation/problem,
designing a generic solution, evaluating the results of implementing a solution
in a specific situation. Keywords: design science; empirical research | |||
| Towards a Reference Model for a Productivity-Optimized Delivery of Technology Mediated Learning Services | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 471-478 | |
| Philipp Bitzer; Frank Weiß; Jan Marco Leimeister | |||
| Technology mediated learning services (TMLS) play an important role for
software on-the-job-training due to increasing cost pressure for
on-the-job-training and increasing demand for mobile learning solutions. As
there is no structured approach to systematically deliver productive TMLS this
research study creates a holistic reference model of a productivity-optimized
TMLS delivery process. This productivity-optimized model focuses on efficient
use of resources at a constant or increasing TMLS outcome by a set of process
models and design guidelines for TMLS providers. It is developed within a
design research setting and derives existing knowledge from the literature and
three in-depth-case studies with training providers for software applications.
Consequently, we build a reference model that supports the following activities
of technology oriented learning: training preparation, training delivery within
the classroom, training delivery through internet and training evaluation under
consideration of various stakeholders, such as the TMLS provider, trainer, TMLS
participant and the participants company. Keywords: technology mediated learning; service productivity; reference model; service
delivery | |||
| A Framework for Classifying Design Research Methods | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 479-485 | |
| Dan Harnesk; Devinder Thapa | |||
| Design Science Research (DSR) methods are much debated by the IS community
with regard to outcome and research process. This debate creates ambiguity for
the novice researchers in terms of selecting appropriate DSR methods. To
address this ambiguity, this essay proposes a framework for classifying the DSR
methods by providing conceptual clarity about DSR outcome and DSR research
process. The proposed framework creates a taxonomy differentiating between
outcomes as a priori formulated or emergent through contextual interaction,
likewise, viewing the research process as deductive or abductive. The taxonomy
provides guidance to the researchers before embarking any DSR projects. The
essay contributes to the on-going discussion on utilization of the DSR methods
in DSR projects. Keywords: Design Science Research; Framework; Methods | |||
| Constructing Software-Intensive Methods: A Design Science Research Process with Early Feedback Cycles | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 486-493 | |
| Robert Krawatzeck; Marcus Hofmann; Frieder Jacobi; Barbara Dinter | |||
| Methods are a common artifact within design science research (DSR). In the
context of a research project we faced the challenge to develop a method and a
software artifact in parallel. However, existing work in DSR and method
engineering does not explicitly address the simultaneous development of two
interdependent artifacts. Therefore, we developed a DSR process that allows the
construction of so-called software-intensive methods. It considers the
interdependencies of both artifacts and optimizes common DSR processes by
including early feedback cycles for intermediate results allowing the
identification of initial design weaknesses like missing or dispensable design
elements, inappropriate element design and usability flaws. The process has
been applied and its feasibility has been demonstrated in the research project. Keywords: design science; research process; method engineering; software prototype;
early feedback; generate-test cycle | |||
| User Guidance for Document-Driven Processes in Enterprise Systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 494-501 | |
| Stefan Morana; Silvia Schacht; Ansgar Scherp; Alexander Mädche | |||
| In practice up to 80% of the overall processed data is only available in an
unstructured form, such as documents. The handling of documents within
organizations is still an issue in both, research and practice. Employees
perceive the way to handle business-relevant documents as high effort and
struggle with handling documents compliant to organizational standards. As a
result documents become decoupled from the defined business processes and
scattered all over the organizations IT landscape. Understanding users and
their needs in order to increase their intention to use Enterprise Systems
consistent to organization-wide business processes is a gap in the existing
literature. This paper presents a design science research project focusing on
user guidance for document-driven processes in Enterprise Systems. Building on
existing research in user guidance, we suggest to increase the user's
individual awareness towards processing documents consistent to organizational
processes. In addition to our research design, we present a preliminary
artifact version based on the results of an exploratory interview study. Keywords: Enterprise Systems; Enterprise Content Management; User Guidance; Intention
to Use | |||
| Cooperative Games and Their Effect on Group Collaboration | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 502-510 | |
| Maaz Nasir; Kelly Lyons; Rock Leung; Ali Moradian | |||
| The potential for multiplayer computer games to serve as activities that can
help increase interaction, cooperative tendencies and harmony in groups has
been the subject of past research. However, there is still a long way to go
before we can understand how positive group behavior and team dynamics in
multiplayer games can impact real world collaboration. In our research work, we
investigate this relationship further through Operation Sting, a cooperative
multiplayer game we have designed to serve as an ice-breaker. Our goal is to
study how participation in such a game affects collaboration in subsequent
group work. Keywords: Multiplayer games; Collaboration; Ice-breaker; Cooperative work | |||
| Respondent Behavior Logging: An Opportunity for Online Survey Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 511-518 | |
| Jonas Sjöström; Mohammad Hafijur Rahman; Asma Rafiq; Ruth Lochan; Pär J. Ågerfalk | |||
| This work-in-progress paper introduces the concept of Respondent Behavior
Logging (RBL), consisting of static and dynamic models that conceptualize
respondent behavior when filling in online questionnaires. It is argued that
web-based survey design may benefit from logging as a technique for evaluation,
since such data may prove useful during re-design of questionnaires. Although
other aspects of online surveys have attracted considerable attention both in
industry and in literature, how the Web may leverage new and innovative
techniques to support survey design is still underexplored. Some preliminary
results are reported in the paper, and issues are raised regarding how to
appropriately evaluate and demonstrate the qualities of the RBL concept as a
means for survey re-design. Keywords: Questionnaire design; online surveys; evaluation; behavior logging | |||
| Towards Design Principles for Pharmacist-Patient Health Information Systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 519-526 | |
| Dirk Volland; Klaus Korak; David Brückner; Tobias Kowatsch | |||
| A significant drawback of communications between patients and health
professionals is their restriction to face-to-face encounters within healthcare
institutions. This limits the support health professionals can provide to
ensure patient adherence, which is a significant contributor to therapeutic
outcome and overall healthcare expenses. Pharmacist-patient health information
systems (PPHIS) have the potential to address existing non-adherence behaviors
by enabling pharmacist-patient communication over the time of therapy. Due to
the lack of prior research, design principles for PPHIS are derived from the
information-, motivation-, and strategy model [4] and feedback from pharmacists
in 21 Swiss pharmacies. To demonstrate the feasibility of the design
principles, we implement and preliminarily evaluate a PPHIS. Keywords: Pharmacist-Patient Health Information System; Design Principles; Mobile
Information System; Prototype; Adherence; Communication | |||