| Theorizing in Design Science Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 1-16 | |
| Jong Seok Lee; Jan Pries-Heje; Richard Baskerville | |||
| Theory is a central element in research. Due to the importance of theory in
research, considerable efforts have been made to better understand the process
of theorizing, i.e., development of a theory. A review of the literature in
this area suggests that two dominant theorizing approaches are anchored to
deductive and inductive reasoning respectively. In contrast, an essential part
of theorizing for design may involve abductive reasoning. The purpose of design
theory is not to advance declarative logic regarding truth or falseness, but to
guide learning and problem solving through the conceptualization of a design
artifact. This paper critically examines the process of theorizing for design
by developing an idealized design theorizing framework. The framework indicates
that theorizing for design operates in two distinct domains: instance and
abstract. Further, four key theorizing activities are identified in this
framework: abstraction, solution search, de-abstraction, and registration. The
framework provides grounds for building strong design theories in the design
science paradigm by explicating the underlying theorizing process for design. Keywords: Design Theory; Theorizing in Design Science Research | |||
| Forms of Reasoning in the Design Science Research Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 17-31 | |
| Christian Fischer; Shirley Gregor | |||
| Several models for the conduct of design science research (DSR) in
information systems (IS) have been suggested. There has, however, been little
academic investigation of the basic forms of reasoning underlying these models,
namely: deduction, induction and abduction. We argue that a more thorough
investigation of these reasoning logics allows for a more comprehensive
understanding of the DSR models and the building of information systems design
theories (ISDTs). In particular, the question of whether prescriptive design
knowledge can be 'theory driven" by descriptive kernel theory can be addressed.
First, we show that it is important to distinguish between a context of
discovery and a context of justification in theory building and to consider the
fundamental forms of reasoning in this light. We present an idealized model of
the hypothetico-deductive method, showing how progress is achieved in science.
This model includes the contexts of discovery and justification and the
matching forms of reasoning. Second, we analyze frameworks for IS DSR and ISDT
in comparison with this idealized model. This analysis suggests that few
frameworks explicitly refer to the underlying forms of reasoning. Illustrative
case studies with first-hand accounts of how IS DSR occurs in practice lend
support to the conception of the idealized model. We conclude that work on
methodological models for IS DSR and ISDT building would be given a firmer base
and some differences in opinion resolved if there was explicit reflection on
the underlying contexts of both discovery and justification and the forms of
reasoning implicated, as in our idealized model. Keywords: Information Systems Design Theory; Information Systems Design Science
Research; Scientific Method; Design Theory Development; Forms of Reasoning;
Abduction; Deduction; Induction | |||
| Enhancing Design Science through Empirical Knowledge: Framework and Application | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 32-46 | |
| Janusch Patas; Danijel Milicevic; Matthias Goeken | |||
| The discourse about differences between behavioral and design science still
attains wide interest in the information systems research community. While
design-oriented research is repeatedly subject to criticism on account of
lacking transparency and rigor, behavioral research is fighting against the
accusation of little relevance. It would be highly desirable to overcome the
shortcomings of design science by using existing theories, empirical knowledge,
etc. within the design of an artifact. For that purpose, we present a framework
that shows how different ways of applying empirical knowledge can put the
research of design scientists on a better grounding and thus improve the rigor
of design science. Specifically we point out, how design science can be
performed more rigorously on the basis of our framework by empirically
motivating, guiding, evaluating, and analyzing design science research. To
illustrate the application of our framework, we will provide an example from
the domain of information security. Keywords: Design Theory; Empirical Knowledge; Framework | |||
| Design Theory in Practice -- Making Design Science Research More Transparent | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 47-61 | |
| Kalle A. Piirainen; Robert O. Briggs | |||
| Design Science Research seeks to develop new generalizable knowledge about
design processes, design products, and designed artifacts while solving
organizational problems with new work practices based on information
technology. However, the ability of Design Science Research to generate
knowledge has been challenged by some scholars, due weak connection of the
designed artifact to the knowledge base. Design Theories offer a promising
approach to codify and generalize some aspects of the knowledge created, in
particular that pertaining to design processes and products for a given class
of information technology-based solutions. We present a case example to support
our argument that Design Theory can be integrated into the context of Design
Science Research to make the connection between the design and the knowledge
base more transparent, rendering it easier to defend the rigor and
generalizablity of the knowledge Design Science Research yields. Keywords: Design science; design science research; methodology; design theory | |||
| Harnessing Handheld Computing -- Managing IS Support to the Digital Ranger with Defensive Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 62-76 | |
| Bo Andersson | |||
| The recent years of development in mobile computing as powerful handheld
computers and high-speed wireless networks creates opportunities for new
user-groups in the mobile workforce to take advantage of mobile technologies.
User-groups may be more or less geographical distributed and as a consequence
more or less marooned when it comes to obtaining IT/IS support and this
increases the complexity of delivering IT/IS support to these geographically
distributed end-users. In this design paper the aim is to develop a design
theory to manage problems in IT/IS support to the outbound user. Semistructured
interviews were performed with developers and documents studies of an
information system comprising handheld mobile computing devices for drivers.
From the interviews, a design theory based on the implemented strategy of
defensive design is presented. The six components of IS design theory by Gregor
and Jones is applied as a theoretical framework for evaluation of the design
theory. Keywords: Mobile Information Systems; Digital Rangers; Design Theory; Design Research;
Remote Mobile Users; Support | |||
| Design Range and Research Strategies in Design Science Publications | | BIBA | Full-Text | 77-91 | |
| Philipp Offermann; Sören Blom; Marten Schönherr; Udo Bub | |||
| Not much is known about how design knowledge is re-used in Design Science Research (DSR). The concepts of "generalization" and "transfer" as different types of knowledge-building and re-use are discussed in other disciplines and in Information System Research in general, but less so in DSR. Offermann et al. [1] proposed three ranges of design theories and seven strategies for how to create and generalize design knowledge. In this paper, we classify all DESRIST 2006 -- 2010 publications according to design range and research strategy. By doing so, we empirically ground the merely theoretically established research strategies, and are able to discover three additional strategy types. The literature analysis shows that the specification of design range and strategy in abstracts is often incomplete or misleading. Based on the analysis we recommend template abstracts for design science publications which guide researchers on how to include all relevant information about design knowledge they (re-)used. | |||
| On Expanding the Scope of Design Science in IS Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 92-106 | |
| Robert O. Briggs; Gerhard Schwabe | |||
| Design Science Research (DSR) has sparked a renaissance of contributions to
IS, but its rigor and value of DSR could be increased by expanding its scope
beyond its engineering roots to bring all modes of scientific inquiry to bear
-- exploratory, theoretical, experimental, and applied science / engineering
(AS/E). All DSR Cycle activities can be realized as instances of one or more of
the four modes. The rigor of DSR can therefore be defended in terms of the
goals, research products, and standards of rigor already established for each
mode. There is, moreover, a synergy among the modes that can only be realized
when all four are brought to bear, because each informs the other three. To
exclude any mode of inquiry from DSR, therefore, is to impoverish knowledge
about its objects of inquiry. Based on these insights, we propose a modified
Cycles Model for DSR realized under the disciplines of the four modes of
scientific inquiry. Keywords: Design Science; Scientific Methods | |||
| A Design Science Research Roadmap | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 107-123 | |
| Ahmad Alturki; Guy G. Gable; Wasana Bandara | |||
| This paper proposes and synthesizes from previous design science (DS)
methodological literature a structured and detailed DS Roadmap for the conduct
of DS research. The Roadmap is a general guide for researchers to carry out DS
research by suggesting reasonably detailed activities. Though highly tentative,
it is believed the Roadmap usefully inter-relates many otherwise seemingly
disparate, overlapping or conflicting concepts. It is hoped the DS Roadmap will
aid in the planning, execution and communication of DS research, while also
attracting constructive criticism, improvements and extensions. A key
distinction of the Roadmap from other DS research methods is its breadth of
coverage of DS research aspects and activities; its detail and scope. We
demonstrate and evaluate the Roadmap by presenting two case studies in terms of
the DS Roadmap. Keywords: Design Science; Design Science research Roadmap; Design Science research
methodology; Design Research; Information System Design Theory; Archival
Analysis | |||
| Discovering the Meanings of Design in IS: Reviews and Future Directions | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 124-137 | |
| Jaehyun Park; Richard, Jr. Boland; Youngjin Yoo | |||
| The purpose of this study is to identify the meanings of design to
Information Systems (IS) scholars as revealed in their research. We conducted
an extensive review of IS research papers from 1970 to 2007 that are related to
design research broadly construed and analyzed them to reveal the overview of
their scope and patterns using two approaches. The first approach locates
existing research in a design space based on attention to design artifacts
versus design processes, and their interests in the analytic or the synthetic
aspect of design cognition. The second approach locates existing research in a
design space based on the level of organization system from local to global
that design affects, and the temporal state (past, present, future) that it
considers. Finally, this study draws upon where the lack of design research in
IS remains as future research opportunities. Keywords: design research in IS; action research; design research framework | |||
| Design and Behavioral Science Research in Premier IS Journals: Evidence from Database Management Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 138-152 | |
| Anteneh Ayanso; Kevin Lertwachara; Francine Vachon | |||
| In this article, we examine database management research that has been
published in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ from each journal's inception to 2007. Our
goal is to profile database research using a classification scheme that
includes research paradigms, IT constructs, and research methodologies. The
overall statistics obtained shows that information systems (IS) research in
database management, which is widely recognized as part of the core knowledge
of IS, is diverse in IT constructs, methodologies, as well as research
paradigms. However, we also find that each journal has focused more on one
research paradigm and some research methodologies. We summarize and discuss
these results which can be useful to design science researchers in targeting
their work in these three premier IS journals. Keywords: Design Science; Behavioral Science; IS Research; Database Research; Research
Diversity | |||
| Design Science Research Demonstrators for Punctuation -- The Establishment of a Service Ecosystem | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 153-165 | |
| Daniel Rudmark; Mikael Lind | |||
| Design Science Research (DSR) is concerned with demonstrating design
principles. In order to prove the utility of these principles, design ideas are
materialized into artifacts and put into an environment sufficient to host the
testing of these principles. When DSR is used in combination with action
research, constraints in the environment may restrain researchers to fully
inscribe or test such principles. In this paper it is argued that scholars
pursuing DSR has paid insufficient attention to the type of change necessary in
the local practice. We draw upon theories on IS change as punctuated
equilibrium to illustrate when DSR demonstrators can be used to make
substantial contributions to local practice as well as to the scientific body
of knowledge. Keywords: Demonstrator; Action Research; Design Science Research; Punctuated
Equilibrium | |||
| Extending Prior Research with Design Science Research: Two Patterns for DSRIS Project Generation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 166-175 | |
| Bill Kuechler; Vijay Vaishnavi | |||
| Constructivist research -- learning through building -- is the core of a
large stream of design science research in IS. Architecture has always explored
through this paradigm; more recently, engineering-related disciplines,
education and medicine have adopted it as well.
Constructivist methods are chosen in all cases because many systems problems are 'wicked': difficult, multi-faceted and frequently exhibiting aspects that emerge only during attempted solution of the problem. Constructivist methods excel at the investigation of incompletely understood problems where the variables of study are inextricably confounded or theory is sparse. In this paper we present two patterns by which the power of constructivist methods can be directed at extending and generating practice-focused results from prior research for the benefit of the Information Systems discipline. The first pattern generates DSRIS projects based on theoretical findings; the second pattern generates DSRIS projects to clarify and extend poorly understood facets of large real-world artifacts/systems. Keywords: information systems research methods; design science research | |||
| Inductive Design of Maturity Models: Applying the Rasch Algorithm for Design Science Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 176-191 | |
| Gerrit Lahrmann; Frederik Marx; Tobias Mettler; Robert Winter; Felix Wortmann | |||
| Maturity models are an established means to systematically document and
guide the development of organizations using archetypal capability levels.
Often, these models lack a sound foundation and/or are derived on the basis of
an arbitrary design method. In order to foster the design of relevant and
rigorous artifacts, this paper presents a method for maturity model
construction that applies the Rasch algorithm and cluster analysis as a sound
methodical foundation. The Rasch algorithm is widely used to improve scholarly
intelligence and attainment tests. In order to demonstrate the application of
the proposed method and to evaluate its usability and applicability, we present
a design exemplar in the business intelligence domain. Keywords: design science; maturity models; Rasch algorithm; business intelligence | |||
| Pattern-Based Approach for Designing with Diagrammatic and Propositional Conceptual Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 192-206 | |
| Wolfgang Maass; Sabine Janzen | |||
| A conceptual modeling approach for Ubiquitous Information Systems (UIS) is
presented as a central part of a UIS design methodology. Three conceptual
models are used for step-wise derivation of machine-executable design models
for distributed service infrastructures: narratives, pattern-based diagrammatic
conceptual models (Pre-Artifacts), and formalized propositional conceptual
models. Keywords: Conceptual modeling; design methodology; Ubiquitous Information Systems;
semantic technologies; patterns | |||
| Enacted Software Development Routines Based on Waterfall and Agile Software Methods: Socio-Technical Event Sequence Study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 207-222 | |
| B. Veeresh Thummadi; Omri Shiv; Nicholas Berente; Kalle Lyytinen | |||
| In recent decades, "agile" software development methodologies have been put
forth as an alternative to traditional "waterfall" methodologies. These agile
methods advance a fundamentally different approach to software development.
Empirical evidence indicates differences between the two with respect to
outcomes and development experience. Yet little is known to what extent the
actual development practices based on either agile or traditional life cycle
methodologies differ. In the current study we examine the variation in
performative routines during software development by contrasting agile and
traditional lifecycle process models using event sequencing method for
detecting activity variations among recorded performative processes in the
selected projects. Our analysis shows that performative enactment of waterfall
and agile ostensive routines do differ in terms of activity types carried out
in the early requirements steps. However, performative routines did show
conformance to ostensive specifications in iterations, affordance types, and
design objects used. Keywords: Software design; agile; sequence analysis; SDLC; Waterfall; organizational
routines | |||
| e-wallet Prototypes | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 223-236 | |
| Mia Olsen; Jonas Hedman; Ravi Vatrapu | |||
| The design outcomes of this paper are four e-wallet prototypes. E-wallets
are intended to replace the existing physical wallet, with its notes, coins,
bills, photos, plastic cards, loyalty cards etc. Four different user groups,
including Young Teenagers, Young Adults, Mothers and Business Men, have been
involved in design and test of the prototypes. Interviews and user tests have
provided data for the construction of first a conceptual model, in the form of
sketches, and later a functional model, in the form of mock-ups. During the
design phases, knowledge was gained on what properties, including design,
functional, service, and interaction, the user groups would like the e-wallet
to hold. The properties have been to develop four prototypes, one for each user
group. Keywords: e-wallet; cashless society; design science; prototype | |||
| A Fitness-Utility Model for Design Science Research | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 237-252 | |
| T. Grandon Gill; Alan R. Hevner | |||
| Current thinking in design science research (DSR) defines the usefulness of
the design artifact in a relevant problem environment as the primary research
goal. Here we propose a complementary evaluation model for DSR. Drawing from
evolutionary economics, we define a fitness-utility model that better captures
the evolutionary nature of design improvements and the essential DSR nature of
searching for a satisfactory design across a fitness landscape. We conclude
with a discussion of the strengths and challenges of the fitness-utility model
for performing rigorous DSR. Keywords: Design science research; design evaluation; usefulness; utility; fitness;
evolutionary economics | |||
| Interface Design Elements for Anti-phishing Systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 253-265 | |
| Yan Chen; Fatemeh (Mariam) Zahedi; Ahmed Abbasi | |||
| Anti-phishing systems are developed to prevent users from interacting with
fraudulent websites. However these tools are ineffective since users often
disregard their warnings. We present a design science-based assessment of
interface design elements for such systems. An extensive taxonomy of important
design elements is constructed. A survey is used to evaluate the perceived
saliency of various elements encompassed in the taxonomy. The results suggest
preferred design elements are in line with efficient information processing of
human vision, and indicate that existing tools often fail to consider users'
preferences regarding warning design alternatives. The results of users'
preference also show the presence of a subset of design elements that could
potentially be customized for the population of our sample and others that
could be personalized. These findings are being applied in an NSF-supported
project, in which we evaluate the impact of customized and personalized
warnings on user performance. Keywords: Anti-Phishing Systems; Interface Design; Warnings; Taxonomy | |||
| Experimental Evaluation of Peer Endorsement System Artifacts Using Best-of-Breed Ideals -- Effects of Online Decision Confidence on Post-choice Regret | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 266-275 | |
| Mitchell Church; Lakshmi Iyer | |||
| Peer endorsement systems (PES), systems for the collection and presentation
of online product reviews represent a new and increasingly common sight on many
e-Commerce websites. The number of reviews and scope of data presentation made
possible by PESs pose demands on the information processing abilities of a
typical customer. This study posits that differences in PES design based on
quality and presentation of online customer reviews can impact user perceptions
about whether they are getting "the whole story" about a product. Drawing on
economic regret theory, we develop a theoretical model to test the impact of
PES design on consumer's decision confidence and post-choice regret. We conduct
an expost experimental analysis of two competing PES interfaces and show that
key differences in PES design have a surprising and relevant impact on the way
in which data from that interface is perceived and used by customers in the
online decision-making process. Keywords: Peer endorsement system; design science; regret; decision confidence;
artifact design | |||
| Managing the Future -- Six Guidelines for Designing Environmental Scanning Systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 276-290 | |
| Jörg H. Mayer | |||
| The 2008/2009 economic crisis provided a sustainable impulse for improving
environmental scanning systems. Although a substantial body of knowledge
exists, these concepts are not often used by practitioners. Based on a
literature research, this article outlines six guidelines for designing
environmental scanning systems that are more applicable than the state of the
art. We incorporate these guidelines in a six-step method and focus on how the
capabilities of "modern" information systems (IS) enable a better "grasp" of
weak signals and a closer incorporation of the findings into the executives'
decision-making process. Applying this reworked method at a raw materials and
engineering company leads to a first instantiation -- the "Corporate Radar."
The version discussed here ends with a value-driver tree showing economic value
added at risk on top. The resulting lessons learned helped us in two ways:
providing concrete starting points for future research and arguing for the
research method presented here. Keywords: Corporate management; balanced chance and risk management; corporate
business intelligence (BI); method design | |||
| Utilizing User-Group Characteristics to Improve Acceptance of Management Support Systems -- State of the Art and Six Design Guidelines | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 291-305 | |
| Jörg H. Mayer; Robert Winter; Thomas Mohr | |||
| In information systems (IS) design, understanding users and their
preferences for interacting with IT is key. Such awareness is particularly
important in the field of management support systems (MSS). We conduct a
literature review on how user-group characteristics can be incorporated into
MSS design and propose six design guidelines to enhance their adaptation
capabilities. Three of these guidelines aim at better meeting users' functional
preferences: incorporate more subjective information needs in MSS design,
expand the scope of functional MSS principles beyond the user interface, and
provide a comprehensive model of MSS functions for the growing number of expert
users. Strengthen the constructional MSS perspective should make the design
more concrete for practice. The fifth finding is to understand the
characteristics of MSS usage by considering MSS use cases and access modes in
addition to users' working style. Last but not least, MSS research should place
more emphasis on principles for situational artefact design. Keywords: Situational artefact design; working style; corporate business intelligence
(BI); human-computer interaction (HCI) | |||
| How Service Orientation Can Improve the Flexibility of Executive Information Systems -- An Architecture Reworked from a Business Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 306-320 | |
| Jörg H. Mayer | |||
| In recent years, service orientation has been discussed as a new design
paradigm promising better manageability and changeability of increasingly
complex IS. This article examines their role in executive information systems
(EIS) design and contributes a reworked architecture that is more flexible than
the state of the art. Structured in terms of four layers strategy,
organization, alignment, and IT support it uses cross-layer modeling chains
that enable even drill-through analyses when needed. Mapping loosely coupled
services within an alignment layer provides the necessary flexibility. Two
typical changes in financial accounting and management accounting processes at
a telecom company provided an opportunity to evaluate the reworked
architecture. Finally, the lessons learned helped us in two ways: providing
concrete starting points for integrating service orientation into EIS
architecture design and arguing for the reworked architecture on hand. Keywords: Enterprise architecture (EA); informations systems (IS) integration;
corporate business intelligence (BI); pilot implementation | |||
| How IT-Based Co-creation Can Provide Small Banks Access to the Financial Market -- A Prototype Development from a Design Science Research Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 321-334 | |
| Sven Weber; Roman Beck | |||
| The asset-backed securities (ABS) market shrank due to the financial crises
in 2007/2008. The financial collapse was caused by both the consumer and the
commercial ABS markets failure. However, the ABS market is an important source
of funding for market participants in the financial services industry. Hence,
we see a returning trend for ABS markets and present in this paper the
development of a prototype from a design science research (DSR) perspective to
enable smaller banks to securitize and sell their assets. Given the relatively
low mortgage and credit volumes within smaller banks they are currently not
able to package and sell their securities. The prototype developed in this
paper offers a solution by pooling all mortgages gathered from hundreds of
smaller banks, calculating the attached risk, and finally, selling them to
investors. In this context, DSR enabled us to build such a cooperative strategy
in form of a prototype. Keywords: Asset-backed Securities; Design Science Research Approach; Small Banks;
Financial Services Sector | |||
| Service Extraction from Operator Procedures in Process Industries | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 335-349 | |
| Jingwen He; Sandeep Purao; Jon Becker; David Strobhar | |||
| Procedures are a common knowledge form in process industries such as
refineries. A typical refinery captures hundreds of procedures documenting
actions that operators must follow. Maintaining the action-knowledge contained
in these procedures is important because it represents a key organizational
asset that can be leveraged to minimize the threat of accidents. We develop an
approach that extracts services from these operator procedures. The paper
describes the heuristics underlying this approach, illustrates its application,
and discusses implications. Keywords: Service Extraction; Knowledge Modules; Knowledge Representation; Heuristics | |||
| Reconsidering Modular Design Rules in a Dynamic Service Context | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 350-365 | |
| Jason Nichols; Michael Goul; Kevin Dooley; Haluk Demirkan | |||
| Modular design rules are rooted in a tradition of process design for
physical production. In response to an emerging information systems research
agenda for design logic in the realm of services and digital goods, and through
the lens of dynamic capabilities theory, the research presented here
re-examines traditional modular design in the context of a service-centric
volatile marketplace. A complex adaptive systems simulation artifact from prior
literature is augmented with a novel operationalization of market volatility,
and a series of hypotheses are tested that demonstrate a need for revision of
modular design rules in a dynamic context. Rules that have historically
isolated the modular design decision to characterizations of task interaction
are expanded to incorporate a new objective: adaptive parity with the
environment. It is the goal of this continuing research stream to make early
contributions in the recently proposed agenda for new organizing logic in
digital innovation and services. Keywords: modular design; service design rules; dynamic capabilities theory; complex
adaptive systems; simulation; service-oriented enterprise | |||
| Design Science in Service Research: A Framework-Based Review of IT Artifacts in Germany | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 366-375 | |
| Jörg Becker; Daniel Beverungen; Martin Matzner; Oliver Müller; Jens Pöppelbuß | |||
| The purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of IT artifacts that have
been proposed in the emerging discipline of Service Science, Management and
Engineering (SSME) as well as to provide further directions for design research
in the service discipline. We review a sample of 123 service-related IT
artifacts -- that we identified on a German online research portal -- by coding
them with a framework for design research in the service science discipline.
The key insights derived from the analysis are: (1) methods dominate other
artifact types; (2) instantiations are almost exclusively developed for
supporting the potential dimension of services; (3) research on customer
solutions focuses on an inside-out perspective; (4) new constructs are
predominantly developed for modeling the outcome dimension of services; (5)
artifacts often possess a narrow scope; and (6) artifacts are seldom
instantiated into software tools. These novel insights are expected to guide
future design research in the service discipline by identifying areas which
have only been sparsely addressed by design research or are yet to evolve to a
sufficient state of maturity. Our approach is original as it features an early
and innovative endeavor for identifying the nature of IT artifacts in SSME. Keywords: Design Science; Service Science; IT Artifacts; Germany; Hybrid Value
Creation; Customer Solutions; Product-Service Systems | |||
| Service Orienting the Swedish Vaccination Recommendation Activity with the Business Rules Centric Digital Service VacSam | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 376-386 | |
| Nicklas Holmberg; Odd Steen; Sven Carlsson | |||
| Uniform control and coordination of immigrant children's vaccination is a
critical current problem in the Swedish child health safety work. In this paper
we discuss the Business Rules (BR) centric and SOA architected digital service
VacSam. VacSam incorporates principles of SOA, Business Rules Approach, and
Business Process Management. The incorporation is used for deriving VacSam from
a part of the Swedish vaccination business process by separating decision logic
from process logic. Based on regulatory texts and empirical investigations,
VacSam BRs presently provides vaccination diagnosis of and recommendations to
immigrant children. By ensuring the basic principles of SOA, VacSam becomes an
eligible, SOA executable digital service. VacSam is in development and has
hitherto been evaluated in an artificial context, where we show that the
service can provide explained diagnosis of and recommendations to immigrant
children's vaccinations totally based on natural language BRs. Keywords: SOA; BRA; BP Modeling; Design Science Research | |||
| A Meta-model-Framework for Structuring the Requirement Analysis in Process Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 387-397 | |
| Stephanie Meerkamm; Stefan Jablonski | |||
| Today, with process management generally established as an integrated
management tool, there is a strong interest in process modeling. The
organizations spent time and effort in generating the optimal process model.
Although there is a multitude of process modeling techniques available, the
modeling process is often inefficient and the results are not satisfying. As
each use case makes other demands on a process modeling language and tool it
may be due to the neglect of some aspect of the design phase supposed to
include a comprehensive requirement analysis and the implementation of these in
an appropriate language and tool. Thus we want to offer a framework which
focuses more on the design phase. The approach is based on a meta model
hierarchy, focusing on modeling. This hierarchy is extended with a design
phase. The increased quality of the final process models will also influence
the whole process life cycle. Keywords: process management; process design; process modeling; meta model hierarchy;
specification of process modeling languages; requirement analysis | |||
| Why Grandma Trims the Brisket: Resource Flows as a Source of Insight for IT-Enabled Business Process Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 398-411 | |
| George M. Wyner | |||
| Systems analysts and organizational designers are increasingly called upon
to rethink business processes both to respond to changing conditions and to
realize the potential of new information technologies. Existing process
modeling tools typically represent one particular version of a process but do
not represent the alternative ways in which that process could be organized.
Dependency diagrams offer analysts a way past this difficulty by representing
the underlying coordination issues in a process, allowing analysts to consider
alternative process designs. Unfortunately, dependency diagrams can be
difficult to draw because dependencies can be difficult to discover. This paper
describes Resource Flow Graph Analysis (RFGA), a method for developing
dependency diagrams which leverages the observability of activities and
resource flows to allow analysts to systematically uncover the dependencies
which shape a given business process. The potential application of the method
to process analysis and system design is illustrated by a "design exercise." Keywords: process design; dependencies; coordination; resource flows; design
methodology | |||
| Analyzing Web Service Choreography Specifications Using Colored Petri Nets | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 412-426 | |
| Enrique Caliz; Karthikeyan Umapathy; Arturo J. Sánchez-Ruíz; Sherif A. Elfayoumy | |||
| Enacting cross-organizational business processes requires critical support
for long-running and complex interactions involving multiple participants. The
Web Services Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL) aims at facilitating
just that, by providing means to describe correlated message exchanges among
services geared towards achieving a business goal. While WS-CDL specifications
are machine-readable documents, they do not necessarily allow developers to
determine -- by direct inspection -- whether or not the patterns of message
exchanges they stipulate do indeed describe the intended service behavior. In
this research paper, we show how Colored Petri Nets (CPN) can be used to
analyze WS-CDL documents in order to identify faults in the specification. We
have developed a research prototype that assists in the creation of a CPN model
from a given WS-CDL document. The CPN model generated is then analyzed using
the formal verification environment and simulation capability provided by
CPN-Tools. We provide a discussion on the analysis of an example WS-CDL
document using this approach, as well as on the advantages and limitations of
using CPN for analyzing WS-CDL specifications. Keywords: Web service; WS-CDL; Service Choreography; Colored Petri Nets; ChorToNet;
Analyzing Specifications | |||
| Neuroscience in Design-Oriented Research: Exploring New Potentials | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 427-439 | |
| Jan vom Brocke; René Riedl; Pierre-Majorique Léger | |||
| Design-oriented research has evolved as a major research paradigm in the
academic discipline of information systems (IS) aiming at the design of
innovative and useful IT artifacts such as methods, models, constructs, and
instantiations. With the concept of "user-perception" at the core of this
approach, it appears promising to explore the potentials of neuroscience in
design-oriented research that allow for measuring physiological effects of
people interfering with artifacts. In this paper, we discuss fields of
application concerning both the design and evaluation of artifacts. However, we
also argue that neuroscience, despite its value for design-oriented IS
research, should complement rather than substitute traditional research
approaches and that results require thorough interpretation. We report on a
first study that triangulates quantitative and neuroscientific data in the area
of enterprise resource planning systems and indicate directions for future
research. Keywords: design science research; design theory; brain; neuroscience; fMRI | |||
| On a NeuroIS Design Science Model | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 440-451 | |
| Christopher Liapis; Samir Chatterjee | |||
| In this paper, we present a novel frontier for IS research that we have
termed "NeuroIS Design Science". Our study introduces a novel framework to the
IS community which leverages neuroscience to better understand the design of
human-computer interfaces. As a contribution to knowledge, the NeuroIS Design
Science Model (NDSM) hopes to provide the scientific community with
physiological measurements and thereby potentially advancing artifact design.
This may serve as useful data to engineers, psychologists, neuroscientists, and
manufacturers. What's more, the design and development of artifact creation
could have a host of contributions in computer science, electrical engineering,
as well as material sciences. With regard to information systems, this research
presents a framework in human and interface interaction which does not
currently exist. It allows researchers to follow a structure which may produce
efficient technological artifacts for our future. Keywords: Design Science; Neuroscience; Design Science Research Methodology; Human
Threading; EEG; Information Systems | |||
| The Value of Anonymity on the Internet | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 452-464 | |
| Dongwon Lim; Hangjung Zo; Dukhee Lee | |||
| As anonymity has both positive and negative effects at the same time, it is
arguable whether or not anonymity is worth preserving. However, there are few
studies that seek to clarify the effects of anonymity on the society as a whole
by integrating individual behaviors and macroscopic models. We propose an
opinion diffusion model that introduces a 'conviction' dimension to represent
behaviors of an anonymous agent, and investigate the way anonymity can affect
the society using simulation method. Results indicate that anonymity is more
effective in a society with a higher similarity threshold. In addition,
increasing anonymity resulted in increasing the time to reach consensus and
increasing the number of agents in the biggest cluster. Keywords: anonymity; opinion dynamics; agent-based model; privacy; Internet | |||
| Citizen Science 2.0: Data Management Principles to Harness the Power of the Crowd | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 465-473 | |
| Roman Lukyanenko; Jeffrey Parsons; Yolanda Wiersma | |||
| Citizen science refers to voluntary participation by the general public in
scientific endeavors. Although citizen science has a long tradition, the rise
of online communities and user-generated web content has the potential to
greatly expand its scope and contributions. Citizens spread across a large area
will collect more information than an individual researcher can. Because
citizen scientists tend to make observations about areas they know well, data
are likely to be very detailed. Although the potential for engaging citizen
scientists is extensive, there are challenges as well. In this paper we
consider one such challenge -- creating an environment in which non-experts in
a scientific domain can provide appropriate and accurate data regarding their
observations. We describe the problem in the context of a research project that
includes the development of a website to collect citizen-generated data on the
distribution of plants and animals in a geographic region. We propose an
approach that can improve the quantity and quality of data collected in such
projects by organizing data using instance-based data structures. Potential
implications of this approach are discussed and plans for future research to
validate the design are described. Keywords: design; citizen science; management; database design; conceptual modeling;
data quality | |||